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Sources Consulted

Overview

In addition to consultations with more than 1,000 杏吧原创 community members, the project team conducted a broad, comprehensive web search of publicly available documents related to digital strategy at post-secondary institutions in Canada and abroad, as well as in federal and provincial governments. The team also reviewed 杏吧原创 University’s internal strategic documents, noted objectives, and action items that are of relevance for digital needs, processes, and aspirations. The purpose of this work was to learn what peer institutions and different levels of government were doing in relation to digital strategy implementations, to identify common overarching themes, and to identify successful digital strategy implementations. Below are summaries of, and links to, consulted documents. 

I. Examples of Digital Strategies and Environmental Scans from Post-Secondary Institutions

Canada

(In alphabetical order) 

Algonquin College: The Next-Gen College. Digital Strategy 2.0 () 

Based on the vision of accessible and high-quality applied education for their students, Digital Strategy 2.0 has three guiding principles: Personalized Experience, Learning Culture and Digital Preparedness, and Investment in Innovation. Some of the objectives include accessibility, adaptive learning, innovation, digital governance, making data-informed decisions. 

Athabasca University: Rise – Digital Transformation. 5 Year IT Strategy ()

With a goal of providing full flexibility and access to their online students, the focus of the strategy is to 鈥減rovide the highest quality Canadian digital learning experiences to learners of all ages, regardless of their location anywhere in the world.鈥� The strategy proposes nine goals to be achieved in five years. Some of these goals include enabling innovation, collecting data on student experience and making data-informed decisions. The strategy also enables user-friendly reporting capabilities to ensure faculty and staff have access to 鈥渂usiness intelligence required to support their objectives.鈥� It also calls for the improved interoperability of systems, sustainability, security, and endorsing cloud-based infrastructure and tools. 

Concordia University: Digital strategy environmental scan for the Concordia University Digital Strategy Committee. Prepared by Madsen, C. and Hurst, M. 鈥� Athenaeum21 (2018). () 

This document defines digital strategy as 鈥渁 plan of action for the adoption of processes and practices to transform the organization and culture to effectively and competitively function in an increasingly digital world.鈥� The authors discuss elements of a successful and unsuccessful digital strategy in terms of six interconnected themes: people, culture, leadership, organizational alignment, data, and technology. To be successful in digital transformations, 鈥渄igitally mature organizations鈥� need to invest in people and culture, focus on user experience, take risks (and learn from experience), engage in cross-institutional consultations, make data-informed decisions, pay attention to scaling and agility, create clear policies, and accept that digital transformation is a 鈥渧ery long journey.鈥� Unsuccessful digital transformations, on the other hand, are characterized by lack of vision, neglect to recognize the importance of people and organizational culture, the imbalance between infrastructure and innovation, trying to achieve results fast, and 鈥渟talled decisions and momentum.鈥� The authors provided several case studies, mostly from post-secondary institutions in Europe and the United States. They also provided an extensive bibliography. 

Dalhousie University: Digital Strategy 2021-2026 () 

This is the first-ever Digital Strategy for the university. It is described as focusing on user experience and it has the goal of supporting 鈥渆xcellence in teaching, learning, research, the student experience, and administrative functions at Dal.鈥� The five strategic pillars (teaching and learning, people-centric, research and innovation, community collaborations, digital foundations) share common themes and values, including: 

McMaster University: IT Strategic Plan 2019-2021 () 

McMaster鈥檚 IT strategic plan is aspirational and formulated around three intertwined pillars: 

Queen鈥檚 University: Themes Emerging from Environmental Scan of Digital Strategies in Higher Education (2018) () 

Queen鈥檚 University conducted an environmental scan of digital strategies in post-secondary education. This scan observed that 鈥渃omprehensive鈥� digital strategies, strategies that are 鈥渦niversity-wide,鈥� are still rare. The review also showed that digital strategies often fall into sub-categories that are either 鈥渁udience-focused鈥� or 鈥渇unction-focused.鈥� Examples include 鈥渄igital by default,鈥� 鈥渁dministrative and operational function,鈥� 鈥渄igital marketing/brand,鈥� 鈥渄igital experience of students,鈥� 鈥渄ata-focused strategy,鈥� 鈥渟trategy to help researchers,鈥� etc. Still, it is evident that digital approaches are complex and 鈥渃ross-cutting issues, even if an institutional strategy is focused just on one sphere (or function.)鈥� 

In addition, the review noted other themes, such as the importance of institutional leadership, digital governance, issues related to ethics, cybersecurity, privacy, training, and change management. It also observes 鈥渁 disruptive role of digital in higher education鈥� as digital technologies can reach 鈥渃ommunities at home and abroad,鈥� and 鈥渢eaching and learning is no longer 鈥榣ocal鈥� or restricted to the classroom or campus lab; it is now global.鈥�   

Examples of comprehensive digital strategies provided are from the University of Bergen (Norway), University of Leicester (U.K.), Oxford University (U.K.), the Association of Universities in the Netherlands, and Concordia University (Canada.) 

University of Ottawa: Digital Transformation Plan 2020-2025 ()

The digital strategy plan is aligned with the University of Ottawa鈥檚 Strategic Plan Transformation 2030: Building the University of Tomorrow, and its goal is to 鈥渄iversify the university鈥檚 technological landscape in order to be more agile, more connected, more impactful, and more sustainable.鈥� The underlying principles for the Digital Transformation Plan are as follows: simple and reusable; agile and innovative; user experience design; managed data; secure and private by design; strategic partnerships; cloud as an enabler; evolutionary architecture, and sustainability. 

United Kingdom

(In alphabetical order) 

University of Lancaster (U.K.): Digital Lancaster 2.0 ()

The University of Lancaster鈥檚 vision is to be 鈥渄igitally innovative in support of the university鈥檚 vision of being a globally significant leader in higher education.鈥� The university鈥檚 digital principles focus on enhancing user experiences across the variety of mobile and desktop platforms, accessibility, the agility of information technology solutions, and approaches that are designed with security in mind. The principle of openness aims to ensure that 鈥渦niversity data are available in ways that encourage a culture of creativity and innovation.鈥� 
 

University of Leicester (U.K.): Discovery-Enabling Digital 2016-2020 ()

The University of Leicester’s goal is to become a 鈥渄iscovery-led university鈥� and 鈥渄eveloping digital skills and capabilities鈥� are the key elements necessary for achieving this goal. The university sees digital 鈥渁t the core of how the university operates and the journey towards achieving its teaching, learning and research ambitions.鈥� This comprehensive digital strategy recognizes the importance of digital in all aspects of the university (teaching and research, students and staff, academic and professional services) and it includes 鈥渋nterlinked strands that contribute to the overall implementation plan鈥� such as developing the digital skills and capabilities of students and staff; establishing the appropriate governance structures;  enhancing digital leadership skills; engaging in digital activities across disciplines; communicating to stakeholders the vision and progress towards digital fluency. The plan also focuses on the digital literacy framework 鈥渢hrough which digital training and skills development across the university will be co-ordinated.鈥� 

II. Examples of Digital Strategies from the Federal and Provincial Governments

Government of Canada. Digital Standards ()

In consultations with the public and various stakeholders, the Government of Canada created a set of 鈥渓iving鈥� digital standards that guide all their processes. These standards are as follows: 

Government of British Columbia Digital Government ()

The government of British Columbia built its digital strategy on the following 10 principles: 

Government of Ontario (2021). Ontario鈥檚 Digital and Data Strategy ()

Ontario released its first-ever provincial Digital and Data Strategy in 2021. The government鈥檚 vision is that Ontario becomes 鈥渢he world鈥檚 leading digital jurisdiction,鈥� which includes 鈥渄elivering more convenient, reliable and accessible government services while ensuring that online privacy and the protections that matter most to Ontarians are built-in.鈥� The government鈥檚 digital strategy aims to ensure that all Ontarians have the tools and training they need to fully participate in the digital economy (including reliable and affordable internet access.) Other goals aim to ensure the privacy of personal data, while at the same time allowing access to data Ontarians need to make sound decisions, together with having reliable, accessible, and convenient government services. 

2021 EDUCAUSE Horizon Report ()

Every year, the Horizon project selects a panel of international education experts and asks them to identify, discuss, and vote on the key trends, technologies, and practices they believe are going to affect post-secondary education. The project uses a modified Delphi methodology[1], a systematic and structured future-casting approach that seeks to 鈥渆levate the collective perspectives and knowledge of a diverse group of experts.鈥� 

In 2021, the panellists initially identified 141 technologies and practices they believed would have a significant impact on teaching and learning, and after several rounds of voting, the following six items rose to the top of a list:   

Three of these top-six technologies (Learning Analytics, AI, and OER) had also been identified as top entries in the 2020 EDUCAUSE Horizon Report. 

AI – The emerging literature predicts that AI use in post-secondary education will see a continuous increase, from chatbots to discussion platforms, matching roommates in student residences, personalizing student learning, helping with administrative and marking duties, and preventing academic dishonesty (Neelakantan, 2020[2]; Ullman, 2020[3].) For example, the University of British Columbia uses AI in its foreign languages program, where students can practice their oral skills with an avatar in a virtual environment. The use of AI on campuses is not without controversy. The most heated current debates focus on potential misuses of AI within proctoring in an online environment, and in collecting student biometric data to track their academic progress without their consent. 

Multimodal teaching and learning (blended, hybrid, online) – The COVID-19 pandemic forced instructors to adapt to new pedagogical approaches, including 鈥渃ontent delivery,鈥╡ngagement activities, and authentic application and assessment.鈥� The post-pandemic future will require universities and colleges to decide whether 鈥渢o retain these hybrid models, abandon them and return to traditional models, or inhabit some kind of middle ground.鈥� It is also an opportunity for institutions 鈥渢o find the right balance point to best serve their teaching and learning mission.鈥� 

Learning Analytics – Higher education institutions may use learning analytics in areas of academic advising and support to 鈥渂etter understand the needs and challenges of learner populations.鈥� For example, learning analytics in a learning management system may provide just-in-time 鈥渆arly alert systems that can tell instructorsand advisors when students are not performing well on early assessments, not accessing thelearning management system on a regular basis, or having low engagement or performanceacross a set of courses in the same term.鈥� When implementing learning analytics, post-secondary institutions must consider 鈥渁 range of ethical issues [鈥 including transparency, data ownership and control, validity and reliability of data.鈥� Institutions also need to develop a set of policies and mechanisms that will ensure that interpretation of data is not misused, as Ekowo and Palmer (2016, p. 13)[4] warn: 鈥減redictive models can discriminate against historically underserved groups鈥� and they can also 鈥渞emove human judgment from the decision-making process.鈥� 

Micro-credentials – Mini qualifications that demonstrate skills and knowledge in a given subject area or capability can be stacked and 鈥渂undled in ways that create personalized learning structures鈥� with 鈥渁n infinite number of possibilities for professional development.鈥� The growth of micro-credentials has caused post-secondary institutions to 鈥渞ethink the relationships between their credit and noncredit programs, and the ways in which they are serving an increasingly diverse audience of learners.鈥� In 2021, the Ontario government announced its plan to invest $59.5 million over the next three years to further establish micro-credentials as a key component of Ontario鈥檚 post-secondary sector[5]. 

OER -The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a need for OER to 鈥渕ove well beyond textbooks鈥� and include openly accessible virtual labs and platforms that host them. In terms of textbooks, OER contributes to 鈥渋ncreased societal equity for students鈥� because many do not have sufficient financial resources. It is estimated that students spend 鈥渞oughly $600 per year on textbooks.鈥� Another advantage of OER is that it 鈥渒eeps content current鈥� as textbooks are hosted online and can be updated easily. 

Gartner Inc. (2021). Mobilize faculty culture to accelerate learning technology transformation in higher education ()

Gartner Inc., a company that conducts IT research and provides consultancy, authored this article discussing the key role of faculty culture in the process of comprehensive and institution-wide digital transformation. The authors argue that digital transformation is not possible to sustain if faculty members are not fully engaged and that 鈥渁 faculty culture of partnership, support for technology-based learning strategies and proactive technology exploration is critical to support change.鈥� To 鈥渢ransition faculty members from passive endorsement to active technology partners鈥� the authors propose a few strategies, as follows: 

Gartner Inc. (2021). Top technology trends impacting higher education. () 

Gartner Inc. identified several trends they think will affect higher education globally. They grouped these trends under the following categories: Student Experience, Sustainability, Scaling the Changes, and New Normal. 

A Gartner research graphic outlining trends in higher education, including Student Experience Sustainability, Scaling the Change, and New Normal.

Gartner Inc. argues that higher education needs to 鈥渂alance maintaining key systems while enabling emerging and innovative technologies鈥� and 鈥渄evelop a process and timeline for evaluating each technology and making a decision.鈥� 

IV. Additional Resources Provided by Members of the Advisory Committee

Dr. Tracy Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication. Lauriault, T., Bloom, R., and Landry, J. N. (2018). Open Smart City Guide V 1.0 ()

Dr. Lauriault provided her expert insight on the Principle of Openness and the concept of an Open Smart City, which was 鈥渢ransformed into 24 education modules and several policies.鈥� The principle of openness and Open Smart City represent a 鈥減articipatory culture between government, civil society, the private sector, the media, and academia to sustainably, environmentally, safely, fairly, justly, and equally manage people and territory.鈥� This involves 鈥渃o-governance with shared rights and responsibility, shared data, information and knowledge, and technologies that are shareable, appropriate, agile, and open.鈥� The goal is to 鈥渆nable better decision-making and barrier-free data sharing among relevant stakeholders.鈥� In this model, users can access data 鈥渟eamlessly, despite the complexities of the underlying technologies.鈥� At the same time, sensitive data are protected and secure. As Dr. Lauriault pointed out, the principle of openness in 鈥渕ature digital organizations means that data, technology, and technical practices are intertwined and they are part of an operational environment that is dynamic, distributed, sustainable, and built on trust.鈥� Dr. Lauriault noted that 鈥済overnance in an open smart city is ethical, accountable, and transparent鈥� and this applies to 鈥渢he governance of social and technical platforms which include data, algorithms, skills, infrastructure, and knowledge.鈥� An open smart city uses data and technologies that 鈥渁dhere to open standards,鈥� are interoperable, scalable, secure, sustainable, and are used 鈥渋n such a way as to reduce harm and bias.鈥� 

Dr. Gerald Grant, Sprott School of Business. Grant, G. (2018-2021). Digital Service Architecture 

Dr. Grant鈥檚 research work focuses on the importance of Digital Service Architecture, as well as the importance of understanding the end goal and the targeted audience/users. As he points out, often there is a lack of understanding that digital services are extraordinarily complex, with many 鈥渄ifferent issues, different layers, different outcomes, which all need to be addressed in their proper spaces.鈥� That is why any digital strategy needs to 鈥渁pply a layered architecture view鈥� and 鈥渆ncapsulate issues while understanding their connections.鈥�  Dr. Grant鈥檚 model for the high-level architecture for IT services management is depicted in the image below and is of particular importance for the Technology Roadmap that accompanies 杏吧原创 University鈥檚 Digital Strategy. 

A graphic by Dr. Gerald Grant illustrating High-Level Architecture for IT Services Management.

V. 杏吧原创 University鈥檚 Strategic Documents

(In alphabetical order) 

杏吧原创 University Strategic Integrated Plan (Link)

We will approach teaching and pedagogy with imagination and new expectations. We must continue to adopt new pedagogical philosophies and technologies. Experiential learning, high-impact practices, and a greater appreciation for the value of teaching will ensure we meet the expectations of diverse and changing student populations, create positive learning and career outcomes, and respond to societal needs. 

Pathways:

Coordinated Accessibility Strategy (Link)

Department of Chemistry Strategic Plan (Link)

Our Present                                          

Our Future 

Strategic Actions 

Energy Master Plan (Link)

Employability Framework: Developing Career Ready Students (Link)

Digital Literacy is one of the nine career readiness competences that characterizes 杏吧原创鈥檚 graduates: 

Recommendations 

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Action Plan (Link)

Recommendations:

Faculty of Public Affairs. Raising Our Sights: Priorities and Directions for the Faculty of Public Affairs (Link)

Digital Technology as Tool and Topic – The opportunity is now to broaden this digital focus and integrate it across the faculty in all our programs and efforts. This involves increasing technical understandings and skills in using digital technology. But it also means increasing our thinking theoretically and holistically about digitization and public affairs in broad ways, including its potential for disruption and threats to security, privacy, and democracy. 

Potential Faculty-Level Actions  

Finance and Administration Strategy (Link)

Vision Statement: Working collaboratively, embracing new technologies and innovative ways of operating, we will provide best-in-class service to the 杏吧原创 Community. 

Fostering Student Academic Success Report 

Recommendations: 

Honouring Each Other: Building Consent Cultures on Campus, Together 鈥� Sexual Violence Prevention and Education Strategy (Link)

Tasks 

International Strategic Plan (Link)

Objective: International mobility and experiential learning 

Activities 

Objective: International Research and Funding 

Activities 

Objective: International Students 

Activities 

Objective: International Teaching, Knowledge and Expertise 

Activities 

Objective: Stories showcasing our achievements (e.g., on our website, student publications, newsletters, etc.) 

Activities 

Kin脿m脿gawin (Learning Together) 鈥� Final Report of the 杏吧原创 University Strategic Indigenous Initiatives Committee (CUSIIC) (Link)

Call to Action #3

Call to Action #22

MacOdrum Library Strategic Plan ()

Pathways – Research 

Pathways – Teaching and Learning 

Pathways – Partnerships, Community 

Pathways – Accessibility 

Sprott School of Business: Vision 2025: Business for a Better World ()

Principle 1 – Goal 2: Develop unique curricula and integrated opportunities for experiential learning. 

Actions

Principle 1 – Goal 3: Foster a supportive and collaborative learning environment. 

Actions. 

Principle 2 – Goal 1: Provide Opportunities for all 杏吧原创 students to engage in entrepreneurship. 

Actions 

Principle 2 – Goal 2: Integrate business and technological knowledge through new learning opportunities. 

Actions 

Principle 3 – Goal 1: Help to accelerate the regional ecosystem of world-class technology companies. 

Actions 

Strive for Sustainability (Link)

Strategic Actions 

Student Mental Health Framework (Link)

Recommendations 

Students and Enrolment Strategic Plan (Link)

Goal 1-2: Implement new software to manage exams and accommodations for students with disabilities. 

Goal 2-3: Develop a sophisticated virtual tour to share with students to engage their interest in 杏吧原创. 

Citations

[1] Green, R. (2014). .

[2] Neelakantan, S. (2020).

[3] Ullman, E. (2020). .

[4] Ekowo, M., and Palmer, I. (2016). . New America: Education Policy. 

[5] Ontario Government 鈥�