Why Mark Carney Is Pushing ‘Fortress North America’ Amid Deep Canadian Distrust of the U.S.
Lead image by ehrlif / iStock
By Richard Nimijean
Prime Minister Carney that “like Mexico, Canada remains open to deeper integration, including options for Fortress North America in (certain) sectors.” He added that “offers are on the table,” though he did not specify what they were.
Even with a review of the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) on the horizon, Carney is surely aware that it’s politically risky to advocate for closer ties with the United States when the country under President Donald Trump is considered a threat to Canadian sovereignty.
There is historical precedent for Canadian politicians to face backlash after calling for deeper integration with the U.S.
Anti-U.S. sentiment
In the 1988 federal election, critics argued that the Canada-U.S. free-trade deal negotiated under Brian Mulroney’s Progressive Conservative government could . The government lost 34 seats, while parties opposing the deal gained 56.
In 2005, Paul Martin Jr.’s minority Liberal government to join the U.S. Ballistic Missile Defence program in the midst of widespread opposition from voters and the Liberal caucus.
In 2010, Stephen Harper’s Conservative government worried about reaction to a proposed Canada-U.S. “shared vision” of a Canada-U.S. security perimeter. It developed a to defend itself against criticism that it would “spark worries about eroding sovereignty and privacy rights.”
Favourable environment
So why would Carney take such a risk?
Political conditions are favourable. His primary opponent, Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, criticizes the prime minister for to tighten ties with the U.S. The NDP, so influential in past debates, has only five MPs.
This creates space for Carney. He is seen more as a who forcefully to break Canadians.
He has surfed a wave of to soaring heights of popularity. His approval ratings a year after his election, while Poilievre’s .
Reassuring Canadians
Carney’s from his predecessor’s, Justin Trudeau. But he is using of reassuring Canadians of the benefits of deeper integration despite historic about cross-border economic ties.
Trudeau claimed that integration’s benefits reflected Canadian values and strengthened Canadian sovereignty.
Carney’s widely praised in January hinted at this strategy. It was interpreted as standing up to and moving on from Trump’s increasingly isolationist and punitive policies. But he also said:
“You cannot live within the lie of mutual benefit through integration when integration becomes the source of your subordination.”
In other words, integration is desirable if mutually beneficial.
Attracting U.S. investment
Carney wants Canada to become an “,” and the U.S. remains the primary market for Canada’s energy products.
To that end, Energy and Natural Resources Minister Tim Hodgson that Fortress North America would allow Canada to help Americans achieve energy dominance.
As the U.S. competes against China, in Canadian critical minerals and mining projects would also tighten ties.
Days before mentioning Fortress North America, : “Should we be further integrating our energy markets with the United States at a time they view that as, quote, ‘leverage’?”
But he soon answered his own question by invoking Fortress North America and declaring, with few details, that Canada has offers on the table.
Hinting at these deals could help attract U.S. investment during Carney’s fall . However, direct foreign investment often produces of existing Canadian companies. Carney therefore must frame Canadian interests as being served within Fortress North America.
Canada ‘not for sale’ — but open for business
Carney’s “elbows up” rhetoric while focusing on a new trade deal with the U.S. reflects Canadian public opinion. An that Canadians want “to pursue diversification without fully decoupling from the U.S.” if it benefits Canada.
Similarly, Ontario Premier Doug Ford successfully navigated public opposition to Trump alongside a desire for integration. In January 2025, Ford proposed “” that would deepen cross-border ties.
But he was nevertheless for vocally standing up to Trump and wearing a “Canada is Not For Sale” hat. Ford went on to win a large majority in the February 2025 provincial election.
Risks of a ‘Fortress North America’ strategy
This is the essence of . Political competition is increasingly based on a party’s ability to frame its platform in terms of national values. The popularity of Carney and Ford show how this can be a winning strategy.
Carney’s approach mirrors his Liberal predecessors, and . They touted progressive social values and distinctive sovereignty.
But their actions were and deepened integration with the U.S. Carney could face the same criticism that confronted Chretien and Trudeau since there were similar between their visions of Canada and their actions.
Carney has been criticized for , despite his , to promote resource exploitation. Members of his caucus have .
and considering “” have prompted critics to argue that Carney is advancing “.”
Elbows down?
Anti-Trump sentiment and the nature of the term Fortress North America could derail Carney’s approach. Opposition could mobilize over any deal, especially if critics argue that it has an .
Carney chose to make his first public mention of “Fortress North America” at an event billed as “.” This seems designed to curb criticism from the nationalist left in Canada.
Canadian academic Blayne Haggart “there appears to be a rising disconnect between Mark Carney’s professed goal of increasing Canadian independence, and his action regarding the U.S.” Yet Carney’s rebranding of sovereignty helps explain why he remains popular despite that apparent contradiction.
Canadians seem comfortable with it for now, but since they for the foreseeable future, this could change quickly.
Related Stories
The U.S. Narrowly Upheld Birthright Citizenship. What ÐÓ°ÉÔ´´ Canada?
The United States Supreme Court recently struck down President Donald Trump’s executive order that sought to limit birthright citizenship for children based on their parents’…
Want To Be a Better Reader? Here’s How To Practise Active Reading
If you’re part of Gen Z, chances are you rely on social media for news and current events. And if you’re under 30, you’re more…
At the 2026 World Cup, There Will Be More Winners Than Just the Champion
Who wouldn’t want to know who the winner of the 2026 FIFA World Cup will be? That’s impossible without a crystal ball. In reality, along…