The following is an excerpt from the聽MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, ed. Joseph Gibaldi and Walter S. Achtert (New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1977), pp.聽97鈥�121.
40聽 聽Content, Placement, and Arrangement of the Bibliography听1
a.聽 Content.聽The bibliography of a research paper usually lists all the works referred to in the text and notes. It is called Bibliography or Works Cited (use the latter if it includes films, recordings, or other nonprint sources). A bibliography that contains descriptive or evaluative comments on bibliographical entries is [titled] Annotated Bibliography or Annotated List of Works Cited. The title Works Consulted indicates the inclusion of works not cited in the text and notes. Avoid padding: do not list works you have not used (unless you are compiling the its for its own value).
b.聽 Placement.聽The bibliography comes at the end of the research paper 鈥�. The bibliography of a term paper is double-spaced (鈥�). If an entry runs to more than one line, indent the second and subsequent lines 鈥�; continue the list on as many pages as necessary. 鈥� Number items in the bibliography only if you are using parenthetical documentation and the number system described in 搂39. In that case, place an Arabic numeral, followed by a period and a single space, before each entry.
c.聽 Arrangement.聽The bibliographical entries of a short paper are usually arranged in alphabetical order by the author鈥檚 last name or, if anonymous, by title鈥攄etermined by the first word other than a definite or indefinite article (A Guide to Dining Out聽is alphabetized under 鈥淕鈥�). Occasionally, as in historical studies, the writer may with to list items of the bibliography in chronological order, according to publication date; but this practice is rare.
If the bibliography is sizable, as in a dissertation, book, or long research paper, the writer may divide the bibliography into sections, with each section alphabetically arranged within itself. The bibliography may be divided simply into Primary Sources and Secondary Sources (鈥�). In a paper dealing with several Renaissance poets, for instance, the works of the poets themselves would be listed under Primary Sources; the works of criticism, historical background, and similar material would be listed under Secondary Sources. Bibliographies are sometimes arranged according to research media: books, articles, recordings. Another method is to divide by subject matter. The list of works consulted for a study of several French statesmen, for example, might contain a separate section for each figure involved; the bibliography of a paper of Watergate could have such divisions as 鈥淗istorical Background,鈥� 鈥淟egal Precedents,鈥� 鈥淢oral and Philosophical Issues,鈥� and 鈥淧olitical Consequences.鈥� A bibliographical arrangement could also be based on chronology or geography. The sections of a bibliography on capital punishment in the Western world could relate to periods of time: 鈥淐lassical Greece and Rome,鈥� 鈥淭he Middle Ages and Renaissance,鈥� and so forth; those on a study of famine in modern times, to places: 鈥淎sia,鈥� 鈥淎frica,鈥� and the like.
41聽 聽Differences in Form Between Note and Bibliographical Citations
a.聽 In general,聽the same information is contained in both the note and bibliographical citation. There are exceptions to this rule, however, as well as several differences in form.
b.聽 Name(s) of author(s) and title.聽In the bibliography, the author鈥檚 name is reversed for alphabetizing. If there is more than one author, only the first name is reversed, followed by a comma: Wellek, Ren茅, and Austin Warren. The title in the bibliographical citation should be complete, including any subtitle; in the note, as stated above (搂32b), it need not be complete. The treatment of titles ([italicized] or placed in quotation marks) is the same as in notes (see 搂13).
c.聽 Publication information.聽As in a note, the place of publication and the publisher are separated by a colon, and the publisher and date by a comma; but this information is not enclosed in parentheses in the bibliography. In citations of periodicals, yearbooks, and reference books like the聽DAB听补苍诲听DNB, the year (sometimes preceded by the month or season) appears in parentheses following the volume number, edition, or title itself. The name of the degree-granting institution in the bibliographical citation of an article in聽DA听辞谤听DAI聽also appears in parentheses.
Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, 2 (1975), 201鈥�27.
Who鈥檚 Who in America. 37th ed. (1972鈥�73).
DNB听(1909).
DAI, 32 (1972), 3995A (Univ. of Southern California).
d.聽 Volume numbers and page numbers.聽If all the volumes of a multivolume work have been used, indicate that fact聽before聽the publication information: 3 vols. New York: New York Univ. Press, 1968. If all the volumes have not been used, indicate the ones that have been used聽after聽the publication information: New York: New York Univ. Press, 1968. Vols. II and III. However, if the volumes were published in different years, the volume number(s) should precede the publication information: Vol. I. New York: New York Univ. Press, 1968. (For sample bibliographical entries for all three cases, see 搂42f.) Page numbers are seldom cited in the bibliography for books, but they are indicated for shorter pieces (articles, poems, short stories, essays) that appear within longer works (periodicals, anthologies, collections of essays). In such cases, give the page numbers of the聽entire piece聽(pp.听1鈥�15), not just of the material directly used (p.聽4). Page numbers follow a comma and are presented as part of the information that directly precedes them: New York: Macmillan, 1974, pp.听1鈥�10.
e.聽 Spacing and indentation.聽鈥� [T]he first line of the bibliographical entry extends to the left margin and its second and subsequent lines are indented [0.35 inches].
f.聽 Punctuation.聽In general, the bibliographical citation, unlike the note (see 搂27), is not to be read as if it were a sentence. Hence, complete blocks of information (including titles of articles in journals and periodicals) are followed by periods, not commas.
g.聽 Two or more works by the same author(s)聽are indicated by giving the name(s) of the author(s) in the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name(s), type [four em dashes], follow with a period, skip [one space], and give the next title. The [four em dashes] stand for the full name in the preceding entry; if there is an additional author or authors, the name(s) of the additional author(s) may follow the [em dashes]. In citing two or more works by the same author(s) in the bibliography, the writer may arrange the titles either alphabetically or chronologically by date of publication.
Frye, Northrop.聽Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1957.
鈥斺赌斺赌斺赌�.听The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1971.
鈥斺�斺�斺��, et al.聽Morality of Scholarship. Ed. Max Black. Studies in Humanities. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1967.
42聽 聽Sample Bibliographical Entries for Published Books
a.聽 In general,聽bibliographical entries for published books contain the same information normally contained in notes, but in the form and with the exceptions described in 搂41. For note citations that parallel the sample bibliographical entries in each of these lettered subsections, see the corresponding lettered subsection of 搂32.
b.聽 A book with a single author.聽(Cf. 搂32b.)
Booth, Wayne C.聽The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1961.
Frye, Northrop.聽Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1957.
Gelfand, Michael.聽African Background: The Traditional Culture of the Shona-Speaking People. Cape Town: Juta, 1965.
Meyer, Heinrich.聽Goethe: Das Leben im Werk. Stuttgart: G眉nter, 1967.
Sarin, Dharma P.聽The Influence of Political Movements on Hindi Literature, 1906鈥�1947. Chandigarh: Punjab Univ. Publications Bureau, 1968.
Note that the works cited in the sample notes in 搂32b have been alphabetized here as they normally would be for the bibliography. All subsequent examples of bibliographical entries follow the same practice.
c.聽 A book with two or more authors.聽(Cf. 搂32c.)
Burn, Barbara B., et al.聽Higher Education in Nine Countries: A Comparative Study of Colleges and Universities Abroad. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
Cargill, Oscar, William Charvat, and Donald D. Walsh.聽The Publication of Academic Writing. New York: MLA, 1966.
Wellek, Ren茅, and Austin Warren.聽Theory of Literature. 3rd ed. New York: Harcourt, 1962.
d.聽 A book with a corporate author.聽(Cf. 搂32d.)
Higher Education for American Democracy. By the President鈥檚 Commission on Higher Education. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1947.
or
President鈥檚 Commission on Higher Education.聽Higher Education for American Democracy. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1947.
Report of the Commission on the Humanities. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 1964.
e.聽 An anonymous book.聽(Cf. 搂32e.)
Literary Market Place: The Directory of American Book Publishing. 1976鈥�77 ed. New York: Bowker, 1976.
The World of Learning, 1975鈥�76. 26th ed. 2 vols. London: Europa, 1975.
f.聽 A work in several volumes or parts.聽(Cf. 搂32f.)
Churchill, Winston S.聽The Age of Revolution. Vol. III of聽A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1957.
Daiches, David.聽A Critical History of English Literature. 2nd ed. New York: Ronald, 1970, Vol. II.
Parker, William R.聽Milton: A Biography. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
Wellek, Ren茅.聽A History of Modern Criticism, 1750鈥�1950. Vol. III. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1965.
g.聽 A work in a collection of pieces all by the same author.聽(Cf. 搂32g.)
Adam, Antoine. 鈥淒escartes.鈥� In聽L鈥橢poque d鈥橦enri IV et de Louis XIII. Vol. I of聽Histoire de la litt茅rature fran莽aise au XVIIe听蝉颈猫肠濒别. Paris: Domat, 1948, pp.聽319鈥�29.
Malone, Kemp. 鈥淓tymologies for聽Hamlet.鈥� In his聽Studies in Heroic Legend and in Current Speech. Ed. S. Einarsson and N. E. Eliason. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1959, pp.聽204鈥�25.
h.聽 A work in a collection of pieces by different authors.聽(Cf. 搂32h.)
Hamilton, Marie Padgett. 鈥淭he Meaning of the Middle English聽Pearl.鈥澛�PMLA, 70 (1955), 805鈥�24. Rpt. in聽Middle English Survey: Critical Essays. Ed. Edward Vasta. Notre Dame, Ind.: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1965, pp.听117鈥�45.
Lewis, C. S. 鈥淭he Anthropological Approach.鈥� In聽English and Medieval Studies Presented to J. R. R. Tolkien on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. Ed. Norman Davis and C. L. Wrenn. London: Allen and Unwin, 1962., pp.聽219鈥�23. Rpt. 鈥淰iew Points: C. S. Lewis.鈥� In聽Twentieth Century Interpretations of聽Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. Denton Fox. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968, pp.听100鈥�01.
O鈥機onnor, Flannery. 鈥淓verything That Rises Must Converge.鈥� In聽Mirrors: An Introduction to Literature. Ed. John R. Knott, Jr., and Christopher R. Reaske. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Canfield, 1975, pp.聽58鈥�67.
Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de.聽Abel Sanchez. Trans. Anthony Kerrigan. In聽Eleven Modern Short Novels. Ed. Leo Hamalian and Edmond L. Volpe. 2nd ed. New York: Putnam, 1970, pp.聽253鈥�344.
Wright, Richard. 鈥淏right and Morning Star.鈥� In聽Short Stories: A Critical Anthology. Ed. Ensaf Thune and Ruth Prigozy. New York: Macmillan, 1973, pp.聽368鈥�94.
If several works in the same collection have been cited in notes, the collection may be cited as a whole in the bibliography.
Thune, Ensaf, and Ruth Prigozy, eds.聽Short Stories: A Critical Anthology. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
Vasta, Edward, ed.聽Middle English Survey: Critical Essays. Notre Dame, Ind.: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1965.
i.聽 Articles in reference works.聽(Cf. 搂32i.)
Chiappini, Luciano. 鈥淓ste, House of.鈥澛�Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.
French, John C. 鈥淣orris, Benjamin Franklin.鈥澛�DAB听(1934).
鈥淢补苍诲补谤颈苍.鈥澛�Encyclopedia Americana. 1976 ed.
鈥淢ead, Margaret.鈥澛�Who鈥檚 Who of American Women. 8th ed. (1974鈥�75).
Monkhouse, William Cosmo. 鈥淩eynolds, Sir Joshua.鈥澛�DNB听(1896).
j.聽 A work in a series.聽(Cf. 搂32j.)
Fisher, John H. 鈥淭he Progress of Research in Medieval English Literature in the United States of America.鈥澛�English Studies Today. 4th ser. Ed. Ilva Cellini and Giorgio Melchiori. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1966, pp.聽33鈥�43.
Hoefert, Sigfrid.聽Das Drama des Naturalismus. Sammlung Metzler, 75. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1968.
Wallerstein, Ruth C.聽Richard Crashaw: A Study in Style and Poetic Development. Univ. of Wisconsin Studies in Lang. and Lit., No.聽37. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1935.
k.聽 A modern reprint of an older edition.聽(Cf. 搂32k.)
Bray, Ren茅.聽La Formation de la doctrine classique en France. 1927; rpt. Paris: Nizet, 1966.
Lowes, John Livingston.聽The Road to Xanadu: A Study in the Ways of the Imagination. 2nd ed. 1930; rpt. New York: Vintage-Knopf, 1959.
Willey, Basil.聽The Eighteenth Century Background: Studies on the Idea of Nature in the Thought of the Period. London, 1940; rpt. Boston: Beacon, 1961.
l.聽 An edition.聽(Cf. 搂32l.)
Cook, Don L., gen. Ed.聽A Selected Edition of W. D. Howells. Vol.聽XVI:聽A Hazard of New Fortunes. Ed. David J. Nordloh et al. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1976.
Hinman, Charlton, ed.聽The First Folio of Shakespeare: The Norton Facsimile. New York: Norton, 1968.
Smith, Henry Nash, introd.聽The Prairie: A Tale. By James Fenimore Cooper. New York: Holt, 1950.
or
Cooper, James Fenimore.聽The Prairie: A Tale. Introd. Henry Nash Smith. New York: Holt, 1950.
m.聽 A translation.聽(Cf. 搂32m.)
Coulson, Jessie, trans.聽Crime and Punishment. By Feodor Dostoevsky. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.
or
Dostoevsky, Feodor.聽Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: Norton, 1964.
Sastre, Alfonso.聽Sad Are the Eyes of William Tell. Trans. Leonard C. Pronko. In聽The New Wave Spanish Drama. Ed. George E. Wellwarth. New York: New York Univ. Press, 1970, pp.聽265鈥�321.
Schoolfield, George C., trans.聽The German Lyric of the Baroque in English Translation. Univ. of North Carolina Studies in Germanic Langs. and Lits., 29. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1961.
n.聽 An unpublished dissertation.聽(Cf. 搂32n.)
Gans, Eric L. 鈥淭he Discovery of Illusion: Flaubert鈥檚 Early Works, 1835鈥�1837.鈥� Diss. Johns Hopkins 1967.
o.聽 A published dissertation.聽(Cf. 搂32o.)
Nykrog, Per.聽Les Fabliaux: Etude d鈥檋istoire litt茅raire et de stylistique m茅di茅vale. Diss. Aarhus 1956. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1957.
Wendriner, Karl Georg.聽Der Einfluss von Goethes聽Wilhelm Meister聽auf das Drama der Romantiker. Diss. Bonn 1907. Leipzig: privately printed, 1907.
p.聽 The published proceedings of a conference.聽(Cf. 搂32p.)
Humanistic Scholarship in America. Proc. of a Conference on the Princeton Studies in the Humanities. 5鈥�6 Nov. 1965. Princeton: Princeton Univ., 1966.
q.聽 A pamphlet.聽(Cf. 搂32q.)
Modern Language Association of America.聽A Guide for Job Candidates and Department Chairmen in English and Foreign Languages. Rev. ed. New York: MLA, 1975.
r.聽 Government publications.聽(Cf. 搂32r.)
Cong. Rec.聽7 Feb. 1973, pp.聽3831鈥�51.
Great Britain. Ministry of Defence.聽Author and Subject Catalogues of the Naval Library, Ministry of Defence. London: HMSO, 1967.
New York City. Knapp Commission.聽The Knapp Commission Report on Police Corruption. New York: Braziller, [1973?].
New York State. Committee on State Prisons.聽Investigation of the New York State Prisons. 1883; rpt. New York: Arno, 1974.
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa.聽Industrial Growth in Africa. New York: United Nations, 1963.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.聽Productivity. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1958.
U.S. Cong. Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack.聽Hearings. 79th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess. 32 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946.
U.S. Cong. Senate. Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce.聽Report on Crime Investigation. 82nd Cong., 1st sess. S. Rept. 141. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1951.
Washburne, E. B.聽Memphis Riots and Massacres. U.S. 39th Cong., 2nd sess. H. Rept. 101. 1866; rpt. New York: Arno, 1969.
or
U.S. Cong. House.聽Memphis Riots and Massacres. By E. B. Washburne. 39th Cong., 2nd sess. H. Rept. 101. 1866; rpt. New York: Arno, 1969.
s.聽 Legal references.聽(Cf. 搂32s.)
Stevens v. National Broadcasting Co. 148 U.S.P.Q 755. Cal. Super. Ct. 1966.
15 U.S. Code. Sec.聽78j(b) (1964).
U.S. Const. Art.聽I, sec.听1.
t.聽 A book without place of publication, publisher, date or publication, or pagination.聽(Cf. 搂32t.)
Photographic View Album of Cambridge. [England]: n.p., n.d.
u.聽 A book with multiple publishers.聽(Cf. 搂32u.)
Starr, Wilmarth H., Mary P. Thompson, and Donald D. Walsh, eds.聽Modern Foreign Languages and the Academically Talented Student. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association; New York: MLA, 1960.
v.聽 A book without page numbers but with signatures.聽(Cf. 搂32v.)
Pikeryng, John.聽A Newe Enterlude of Vice Conteyninge the Historye of Horestes. London, 1567.
43聽 聽Sample Bibliographical Entries for Articles in Periodicals
a.聽 In general,聽Bibliographical entries for articles in periodicals should contain the information normally contained in notes but in the form and with the exceptions described in 搂41. For notes that parallel the sample bibliographical entries in each of these lettered subsections, see the corresponding lettered subsection of 搂34.
b.聽 An article in a journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volume.聽(Cf. 搂34b.)
Ramsey, Jarold W. 鈥淭he Wife Who Goes Out like a Man, Comes Back as a Hero: The Art of Two Oregon Indian Narratives.鈥澛�PMLA, 92 (1977), 9鈥�18.
c.聽 An article from a journal that pages each issue separately or that numbers only issues.聽(Cf. 搂34c.)
Frey, John R. 鈥淎merica and Her Literature Reviewed by Postwar Germany.鈥澛�American-German Review, 20, No.聽5 (1954), 4鈥�6.
Marc鈥檋adour, Germain. 鈥淗ugh Latimer and Thomas More.鈥澛�Moreana, No.听18 (1968), pp.聽29鈥�49.
Stephens, Donald, and George Woodcock. 鈥�The Literary History of Canada: Editorial Views.鈥澛�Canadian Literature. No.聽24 (1965), pp.听10鈥�22.
d.聽 An article from a journal with more than one series.聽(Cf. 搂34d.)
Levin, Yu D. 鈥淭olstoy, Shakespeare, and Russian Writers of the 1860s.鈥澛�Oxford Slavonic Papers, NS听1 (1968), 85鈥�104.
e.聽 An article from a weekly magazine or weekly newspaper.聽(Cf. 搂34e.)
Cohen, Hennig. 鈥淲hy Isn鈥檛 Melville for the Masses?鈥澛�Saturday Review, 16 Aug. 1969, pp.听19鈥�21.
鈥淭he Old Art Forms Will Wither Away.鈥澛�National Observer, 22 Sept. 1969, p.听1, cols.聽2鈥�4; p.聽22, cols.听1鈥�3.
f.聽 An article from a monthly magazine.聽(Cf. 搂34f.)
Howe, Irving. 鈥淛ames Baldwin: At Ease in Apocalypse.鈥澛�贬补谤辫别谤鈥檚. Sept. 1968, pp.聽92鈥�100.
g.聽 An article from a daily newspaper.聽(Cf. 搂34g.)
Brody, Jane E. 鈥淢ultiple Cancers Termed on Increase.鈥澛�New York Times. Late City Ed., 10 Oct. 1976, Sec.听1, p.聽37, col.听1.
h.聽 An editorial.聽(Cf. 搂34h.)
鈥淭he Spirit of 鈥�77.鈥� Editorial.聽Washington Post, 21 Jan. 1977, Sec.聽A, p.聽22, cols.听1鈥�2.
i.聽 An anonymous article.聽(Cf. 搂34i.)
鈥淎 Return to Guido Gozzano: An Italian Poet Rediscovered.鈥澛�Italy: Documents and Notes, 17, No.听1 (1968), 55鈥�60.
j.聽 A letter to the editor.聽(Cf. 搂34j.)
Moore, Harry T. Letter.聽Sewanee Review, 71 (1963), 347鈥�48.
k.聽 Reviews, signed and unsigned.聽(Cf. 搂34k.)
Rev. of聽Anthology of Danish Literature, ed. F. J. Billeskov Jansen and P. M. Mitchell.聽Times Literary Supplement, 7 July 1972, p.聽785.
鈥淭he Cooling of an Admiration.鈥� Rev. of聽Pound/Joyce: The Letters of Ezra Pound to James Joyce, ed. Forrest Read.聽Times Literary Supplement, 6 March 1969, pp.聽239鈥�40.
Maddocks, Melvin. 鈥淪ermonets and Stoicism.鈥� Rev. of聽Not So Wild a Dream, by Eric Sevareid.聽Time, 30 Aug. 1976, p.聽69.
Merivale, Patricia. Rev. of聽George Eliot and Flaubert: Pioneers of the Modern Novel, by Barbara Smalley.聽Comparative Literature Studies, 13 (1976), 76鈥�77.
l.聽 An article whose title contains a quotation or a title within quotation marks.聽(Cf. 搂34l.)
Carrier, Warren. 鈥淐ommonplace Costumes and Essential Gaudiness: Wallace Stevens鈥� 鈥楾he Emperor of Ice-Cream.鈥欌�澛�College Literature, 1 (1974), 230鈥�35.
m.聽 An article from聽Dissertation Abstracts听辞谤听Dissertation Abstracts International.聽(Cf. 搂34m.)
Gans, Eric L. 鈥淭he Discovery of Illusion: Flaubert鈥檚 Early Works, 1835鈥�1837.鈥澛�DA, 27 (1967), 3046A (Johns Hopkins).
44聽 聽Sample Bibliographical Entries for Other Sources
For notes that parallel the sample bibliographical entries in each of these lettered subsections, see the corresponding lettered subsection of 搂35.
a.聽 Manuscripts and typescripts.聽(Cf. 搂35a.)
Twain, Mark. Notebook 32, TS. Mark Twain Papers. Univ. of California, Berkeley.
b.聽 Lectures.聽(Cf. 搂35b.)
Doran, Madeleine. 鈥淭he Style and the Story: Shakespeare鈥檚 Appropriate and Varying Artistry.鈥� English Section I, MLA Convention, San Francisco. 27 Dec. 1975.
c.聽 Films.聽(Cf. 搂35c.)
Bertolucci, Bernardo, dir.聽Last Tango in Paris. With Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider. United Artists, 1972.
d.聽 Theatrical performances.聽(Cf. 搂35d.)
Balanchine, George, chor.聽Harlequinade. New York City Ballet. New York State Theater, New York. 8 July 1968.
Caldwell, Sarah, dir. and cond.聽La Traviata. With Beverly Sills. Opera Company of Boston. Orpheum Theatre, Boston. 4 Nov. 1972.
Gielgud, John, dir.聽Hamlet. By Shakespeare. With Richard Burton. Shubert Theatre, Boston. 4 March 1964.
Kander, John, and Fred Ebb.聽Chicago. Dir. Bob Fosse. With Gwen Verdon, Chita Rivera, and Jerry Orbach. Forty-Sixth Street Theatre. New York. 20 Oct. 1975.
Shaw, Robert, cond. Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Concert. Atlanta Arts Center, Atlanta. 14 May 1974.
e.聽 Musical compositions.聽(Cf. 搂35e.)
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Symphony No.聽7 in A, op.聽92.
f.聽 Works of art.聽(Cf. 搂35f.)
Houdon, Jean-Antoine.聽Statue of Voltaire. Com茅die Fran莽aise, Paris. Illus. 51 in聽Literature through Art: A New Approach to French Literature. By Helmut A. Hatzfeld. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1952.
Rembrandt van Rijn.聽Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
g.聽 Radio or television programs.聽(Cf. 搂35g.)
The Black Cat. Dir. Hi Brown. CBS Mystery Theater. 4 Nov. 1973.
The First Americans. Narr. Hugh Downs. Writ. and prod. Craig Fisher. NBC News Special. 21 March 1968.
鈥淭he Joy Ride.鈥� Writ. Alfred Shaughnessy.聽Upstairs, Downstairs. Created by Eileen Atkins and Jean Marsh. Dir. Bill Bain. Prod. John Hawkesworth. Masterpiece Theatre. Introd. Alistair Cooke. PBS, 6 Feb. 1977.
h.聽 Recordings.聽(Cf. 搂35h.)
Colette. Libretto.聽L鈥橢nfant et les sortil猫ges. By Maurice Ravel. With Suzanne Danco and Hugues Cuenod. Cond. Ernest Ansermet, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande. Richmond-London, SR聽33086, n.d.
Frost, Robert,聽Robert Frost Reads His Poetry. Caedmon, XC聽783, 1952.
Holiday, Billie.聽Essential Billie Holiday. Verve, 68410, 1961.
Lewiston, David. Jacket Notes.聽The Balinese Gamelan: Music from the Morning of the World. Nonesuch Explorer Series, H-2015, n.d.
Mozart, Wolfgang A. Divertimento in D (K.聽334) and Notturno (Serenade) in D (K.聽286). Cond. Neville Mariner, Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields Orchestra. Argo, ZRG聽705, 1973.
Murrow, Edward R.聽Year of Decision: 1943. Columbia, CPS-3872, 1957.
Verdi, Giuseppe.聽Rigoletto. With Joan Sutherland, Luciano Pavarotti, Sherrill Milnes, and Martti Talvela. Cond. Richard Bonynge, London Symphony Orchestra and Ambrosian Opera Chorus. London Records, OSA-12105, 1973.
Weaver, William. 鈥淭he Making of聽Turandot.鈥� In Libretto.聽Turandot. By Giacomo Puccini. With Birgit Nilsson and Franco Corelli. Cond. Francesco Molinari-Pradelli, Rome Opera House Orchestra and Chorus. Angel, CL-3671, 1966.
Wilgus, D. K. Southern Folk Tales. Recorded 23鈥�25 March 1965. Univ. of California, Los Angeles Archives of Folklore, B.76.82 (7陆聽ips, 7″ reel).
i.聽 Personal letters.聽(Cf. 搂35i.)
Benton, Thomas Hart. Letter to Charles Fremont. 22 June 1847. John Charles Fremont Papers. Southwest Museum Library, Los Angeles, Calif.
Ray, Gordon N., ed.聽Letters and Private Papers of William Makepeace Thackeray. 4 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1946.
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. Letter to author. 17 May 1976.
j.聽 Personal and telephone interviews.聽(Cf. 搂35j.)
Poussaint, Alvin F. Telephone interview. 7 May 1975.
Vonnegut, Kurt. Personal interview. 27 July 1976.
k.聽 Documents from an information service.聽(Cf. 搂35k.)
Spolsky, Bernard.聽Navajo Language Maintenance: Six-Year-Olds in 1969. Navajo Reading Study Prog. Report No.聽5. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico, 1969. ERIC ED 043聽004.
Streiff, Paul R.聽Some Criteria for Designing Evaluation of TESOL Programs. ERIC ED 040聽385.
l.聽 Indirect sources.聽(Cf. 搂35l.)
Boswell, James.聽The Life of Johnson. Ed. George Birkbeck Hill and L. F. Powell. 6 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1934鈥�50.
Weinberg, Bernard.聽A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance. 2 vols. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1961.
Footnote
聽听1聽聽These instructions apply to the bibliography of a research paper, which is different from an elaborate and technical bibliographical description 鈥�.