  {"id":1997,"date":"2021-06-02T12:01:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T16:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/?p=1997"},"modified":"2026-03-16T12:42:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T16:42:55","slug":"the-dog-that-doesnt-bark-a-case-study-on-federal-regulation-of-industrial-air-pollution-in-canada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/2021\/the-dog-that-doesnt-bark-a-case-study-on-federal-regulation-of-industrial-air-pollution-in-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dog that Doesn\u2019t Bark \u2013 A Case Study on Federal Regulation of Industrial Air Pollution in Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-5xl  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n            <div class=\"cu-textmedia flex flex-col lg:flex-row mx-auto gap-6 md:gap-10 my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 max-w-5xl\">\n        <div class=\"justify-start cu-textmedia-content cu-prose-first-last\" style=\"flex: 0 0 100%;\">\n            <header class=\"font-light prose-xl cu-pageheader md:prose-2xl cu-component-updated cu-prose-first-last\">\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold !mt-2 mb-4 md:mb-6 relative after:absolute after:h-px after:bottom-0 after:bg-cu-red after:left-px text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] pb-5 after:w-10 text-cu-black-700 not-prose\">\n                        The Dog that Doesn\u2019t Bark \u2013 A Case Study on Federal Regulation of Industrial Air Pollution in Canada\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                                \n                            <\/header>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/people\/mike-beale\/\">Mike Beale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RGI\u2019s latest case study<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/220\/Mike-Beale_Fisheries-Act-Case_June-11-2020.pdf\"><em>The Dog that Doesn\u2019t Bark &#8212; Federal Regulation of Industrial Air Pollution in Canada<\/em><\/a> pays homage to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes.&nbsp; In a well-known story, Holmes solved a murder mystery by pointing to the <a href=\"https:\/\/brieflywriting.com\/2012\/07\/25\/the-dog-that-didnt-bark-what-we-can-learn-from-sir-arthur-conan-doyle-about-using-the-absence-of-expected-facts\/\">\u201ccurious incident of the dog in the night-time\u201d<\/a>.&nbsp; \u201cThe dog did nothing in the night-time\u201d, countered the Scotland Yard detective on the case. &nbsp;\u201cThat was the curious incident\u201d replied Holmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dog in question (no disrespect intended) is ECCC\u2019s regulation of industrial air pollution, and the case study addresses the question \u201cwhy doesn\u2019t the dog bark?\u201d.&nbsp; It seems like a pertinent question given that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/healthy-living\/2021-health-effects-indoor-air-pollution.html\">Health Canada<\/a> estimates that air pollution accounts for 15,300 premature deaths annually in Canada, and that all the key air pollutants are on Canada\u2019s list of toxic substances, giving ECCC full authority to regulate emissions.&nbsp; And yet there are only a handful of federal regulations addressing air pollution from industrial\/stationary sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are reasons that help explain ECCC\u2019s relatively low profile in this area:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Since its creation in 1971, ECCC has consistently played a secondary role to the provinces in the regulation of air pollutants from industrial sources; this despite promises in 2006-07 that ECCC would play a more active role. ECCC\u2019s secondary role did not prevent Canada\u2019s acid rain program of the 1980s and \u201890s from being a success story.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada\u2019s current framework for management of air pollution \u2013 the Air Quality Management System (AQMS) \u2013 was adopted by federal, provincial and territorial governments in 2012. It calls for provinces and territories to have the opportunity to be the front-line regulator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ECCC has acted on industrial air pollution indirectly, through greenhouse gas regulation; phasing out coal plants, for example, reduces air pollution as well as GHGs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada\u2019s air quality is good by international standards \u2013 many would argue that our approach to air quality management is an example of Canada\u2019s federation working effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, it is striking that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AQMS is essentially the same model of federal-provincial collaboration that existed in the 1970s<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>; ECCC\u2019s role has evolved in other areas but not in this one.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In particular, ECCC\u2019s proactive approach to regulating industrial GHG emissions and water pollution has not been matched on air pollution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There appear to be gaps in the system, in particular with respect to air pollution from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecojustice.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/2018-04-30-benchmarking-backgrounder-FINAL-1.pdf\">petroleum refineries<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The American dog down the street (the US EPA \u2013 no disrespect intended) is quite noisy by comparison.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In a sense, the case study is getting at what should be the expectations for a modern, world-class, federal environmental regulatory agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is the federal approach to industrial air pollution regulation a success story or is there room for improvement?&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/220\/Mike-Beale_Fisheries-Act-Case_June-11-2020.pdf\">Read the case study<\/a>&nbsp;and form your own opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> This case study is intended to be used as a teaching tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> See Kathryn Harrison, <em>Passing the Buck: Federalism and Canadian Environmental Policy<\/em>, UBC Press, 1996, p105.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Mike Beale RGI\u2019s latest case study[1] The Dog that Doesn\u2019t Bark &#8212; Federal Regulation of Industrial Air Pollution in Canada pays homage to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes.&nbsp; In a well-known story, Holmes solved a murder mystery by pointing to the \u201ccurious incident of the dog in the night-time\u201d.&nbsp; \u201cThe dog did [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[19,43,42,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-practitioners-perspective","category-rgi-blog","category-uncategorized"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1997"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2002,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997\/revisions\/2002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/rgi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}