ࡱ>  Lbjbj33 8Y`Y`D% nnnnn8 7(~8"ZZZ5>s 7777777$9k<|27n5527nnZZG7"""nZnZ 7" 7""2l4 -%fl36]7073< <(l4<nl4"2727i"(7< X 4: PHIL 2101 A: History of Ethics Winter 2024 Ӱԭ University Meeting time: Mondays, 6:05-8:55 pm Instructor: Gordon Davis Office: Paterson Hall, 3rd floor, rm. 3A51 (in the Philosophy Dept.) Office hours: Mondays 3:00-4:00, or by appointment Email: Gordon.Davis@carleton.ca (* Please email me from your cmail or carleton.ca address.) Website: Regular visits to the course website on Brightspace are required; timing of posts to be discussed in class. However, please note that not all of the course material will be posted there. Many notes required for test preparation will only be conveyed in class. REQUIRED READINGS (Note: for 1, 2, 6 & 9, go to  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.carleton.ca" www.library.carleton.ca, click Databases, then click P, and near the top of the list that comes up, click Past Masters We will use this free resource, for Plato, Aristotle, Hume and Wollstonecraft.) Plato, Protagoras (Jowett translation). This is available as an electronic resource on our library website. From the Past Masters database, click Plato, then click Volume 1 at left, and then click Dialogues. Click Protagoras, which is the fifth dialogue listed on the left-hand side. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (Ross translation), also at Past Masters database on library website (click Aristotle, then click Volume II on the left, then Volume 2 again in the drop-down menu below that, i.e. the item between Frontmatter and Endmatter then click Nicomachean Ethics in the middle of the left-hand-side list.) Sonam Thakchoe, The Theory of two truths in India, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2022), section 3 (Yogacara), at HYPERLINK "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/twotruths-india/"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/twotruths-india/; & C. Goodman, Ethics in Indian & T. Buddhism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2017), excerpts: sections 2 and 3 M. Siderits, Buddha (2011), at  HYPERLINK "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha" http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha ; and excerpts, TBA, from Charles Goodman, Consequences of Compassion (Oxford: OUP, 2009), an ebook @ library. J.S. Mill, Utilitarianism (1861):  HYPERLINK "http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/mill/util/index.html" http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/mill/util/index.html David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). (Go to Past Masters database; click Hume: Complete Works & Corr., and click the sixth item from the top on left-hand side.) + 6(B): secondary source on figures of the Enlightenment (TBA) Jeremy Bentham, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789):  HYPERLINK "http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/bentham/ipml/ipml.toc.html" http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/bentham/ipml/ipml.toc.html Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785), online TBA Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication(s) of the Rights of (Wo)men, online TBA * Depending on chosen essay topics, other readings may also be required (as noted in Brightspace material relating to various topics See also: library reserve books listed on p. 5 below). COURSE DESCRIPTION and COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course follows the evolution of some key ideas in ethical theory, over a span of three thousand years, starting with the moral frameworks of some of the oldest world religions and taking us up to the twentieth century. In order to look closely and critically at the way some major philosophers have developed these ideas, we will focus on reading and discussing these philosophers (e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Siddhartha/Buddha, Hume, Kant, Mill and Wollstonecraft), and will be less concerned about filling in the chronological gaps than about filling in philosophical gaps by diagnosing the flaws and prejudices in both their thinking and, perhaps, our own thinking. The course tries to balance two important goals in the study of the history of philosophical ethics. One of these goals relates to our interest in the historical evolution of ideas in general, and imposes a responsibility for seeking fair and historically sensitive interpretations of historical texts as well as a responsibility for appreciating the broader historical context of the works, their authors, and the moral, political and cultural phenomena they describe. Our other goal is philosophically more fundamental (and perhaps more important to those whose further studies will be focused more on contemporary than on historical concerns): by studying the major ethical works of the past, we hope to make progress with contemporary moral problems and with the refinement of our own ethical views. We shall therefore devote as much time to critical discussions that focus simultaneously on the claims of contemporary ethical theories and the claims and arguments in our primary texts (as to historical discussions). We must also be ready as ethicists rather than pure historians to subject these works to critical assessment and to be selective in incorporating their ideas and arguments, based on our own understanding of the relevant phenomena and our own sense of sound argument. The skills and concepts we develop in pursuing these two goals can be useful, not only in philosophical thinking in general and in studying ethics in particular, but also in any area involving a critical engagement with the history of ethical or political thought in any tradition. These skills and concepts may thus be carried over to studies of the history of ethical thought that are focused on non-Western traditions of philosophy, or on (e.g.) medieval philosophy, or on other specific historical periods that we will not be able to cover here. What is commonly and not always accurately called the Western tradition of philosophical ethics will be our main focus, primarily because the works in this tradition remain prominent in contemporary discussions of ethical theory. But well try to identify both the scope for applying the insights in these works to broader cultural contexts and the scope for bias and limitations of perspective within theoretical frameworks that draw mainly on this tradition. The major questions that are still central to ethical theory, and that are addressed by the writers we will be examining, include: What is the best kind of life for humans (if any)? How should we define, and how can we attain, happiness or well-being? What is the significance of other peoples happiness or well-being to our own? What do we owe to others? Which others matter? Is moral goodness or rightness based on character, intentions, observance of rules or rights, or the consequences of ones actions? Is goodness as a character trait as important as the goods that are the results of actions or policies? Which results matter most to goodness? In what ways can actions and intentions be rational? Can moral principles be rationally justified? Do practical or moral principles reflect truths about our nature as human beings? What is the relationship between facts and values? Are there any universal ethical truths? There are more specific questions in ethics that relate to issues of common concern in society, such as deciding on life and death (abortion, euthanasia, triage, capital punishment, war), the scope of duties to assist other beings (poverty at home and abroad, international development, animal welfare), social justice and the scope of human rights, issues in individual conduct and personal relations (in relation to honesty, promises, tolerance of differences, concerns about self-harm), and many more. Although our primary focus will often be on more theoretical questions, we will also consider to what extent there is overlap between our concerns in these areas and those of the authors we will be reading, historical and other factors that might account for differences, and what implications their theories may have for contemporary issues. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND READINGS: (Please note that the order and/or timing may change though with as much advance notice as possible. So long as no changes have been announced, the readings indicated below should be done prior to the date under which they appear; they will be discussed that day.) Week 1 Introduction to ethical theories, new and old / The roles of history and theory Readings: N/A Week 2 Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on wisdom, virtue and happiness Readings: Plato, Protagoras (excerpts TBA), and course notes on Brightspace website Week 3 Aristotles critique of Plato / human nature and reason Readings: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics Books 1 and 2; and final section of Protagoras Week 4 Selfhood, virtue and wisdom in Aristotle and in Buddhism Readings: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics Bks 3, 10 ; and S. Thakchoe (see # 4 on p. 1) Week 5 Comparing Aristotelian and Buddhist virtues Readings: Mark Siderits, The Buddha (2011), at  HYPERLINK "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha" http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha & optional primary source :  HYPERLINK "http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn56/sn56.011.than.html" http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn56/sn56.011.than.html Monday of WEEK 5: Midterm test on history and terminology in ancient Greece and ancient Asia Week 6 Buddhist views on Selfhood & Ethics Readings: excerpts from S. Thakchoe (# 3 above) & from C. Goodman (# 3 and 4; see p. 1) Week 7 Religious ethics between ancient and modern times Western and Non-Western / Buddhist consequentialism / Free will in Pre-Modern and Modern Philosophy Readings: Goodman (continued) & sec. source (TBA) introducing Hume, Kant et al. Monday of WEEK 7: short reading quiz Week 8 Consequentialism in Modern Philosophy: Hume, Bentham & other early consequentialists Readings: Hume, Inquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (see p. 1), Mill excerpts & TBA from Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation Week 9 Classical and other utilitarianism(s) debates surrounding modern consequentialism Rdg: J.S. Mill, chapters 1-3 of Utilitarianism (published 1861, widely available online) Week 10 Kants universal moral imperatives / Consequentialist & Non-Consequentialist variations Rdg: Mill (contd), & Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (chapter 1) Monday of WEEK 10: in-class essay Week 11 Comparison of Kant, Mill and other 19th-century moral philosophers Rdg: Kant, Groundwork (excerpts TBA) & Mill, Utilitarianism (excerpts TBA) Week 12 A role for virtue within modern liberalism? Mill and Mary Wollstonecraft Rdg: Wollstonecraft, excerpts from Vindication(s), & Mill review (mainly ch. 3 of Util.) Week 13 Review, and overview of the place of ethics in modern philosophy EVALUATION (w/ weight of assignments as percentage of total mark): Midterm test 20 % Quiz (rdg test # 2) 10 % In-class essay 30 % Final exam 30 % Attendance 10 % SOME RULES AND POLICIES: Phones and devices must be kept off during class; other recording devices also not permitted; Permission to use a laptop for notetaking must be requested in advance, based on special needs; Pls notify me of PMC accommodations, and/or any intention to seek one, before end of Week 4; To qualify to write a make-up assignment, you must consult with me in advance, except possibly in certain emergencies that prevent attendance (proof of which is required, to qualify for consideration); some make-up assignments may require an oral component (as part of the mark) before &/or after submission of the assignment; You are responsible for noting, in class, announcements made during lectures that may modify any of the above; you should therefore explain to me any absences, and if duly explained by the next class date, you may then request in person updates on policies, weights or scheduling (if any).  HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~2046635&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," BOOKS ON RESERVE for PHIL 2101 (Relevance to specific topics noted) AUTHORCALL NUMBER (Use title if Profs copy)   Aristotle's ethics Bostock, David. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B430.B67 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1360597&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Aristotle's ethics Urmson, J. O. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B491.E7U76 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~2316648&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Aristotle's nicomachean ethics Pakaluk, Michael DAVIS/Profs copy - In library  British moralists, being selections from the eighteenth century (incl. BENTHAM, but esp. re. ANIMALS)Selby-Bigge, L. A. (ed.) Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- BJ601.S4 1965 v. 1 c.2  HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1482356&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Buddhism & bioethics (Re. e.g. LIFE & DEATH ISSUES)Keown, Damien Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- BJ1289.K43 -- IN LIBRARY  Collected works (incl. speech on CAPITAL PUNISHMENT)Mill, John Stuart, 1806-1873. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B1602.A2 v. 28 -- IN LIBRARY  Dissertations and discussions: political, philosophical and historical (incl. essay on MILITARY INTERVENTION)Mill, John Stuart, 1806-1873. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B1603 .D6 v. 3 -- IN LIBRARY  An enquiry concerning the principles of morals (incl. view on PUNISHMENT)Hume, David, 1711-1776. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B1465 1998A -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1332970&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Essays, moral, political, and literary / David Hume (incl. his essay on SUICIDE) Hume, David, 1711-1776. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B1475 1985 -- IN LIBRARY   The ethics of war and peace : an introduction to legal and moral issues Christopher, Paul Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- KZ6396 .C48 1999 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1407870&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Ethics with Aristotle Broadie, Sarah Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B491.E7B7 -- IN LIBRARY  Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals / Immanuel Kant ; translated by H.J. PATON*Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B2766.E6P3 1956 c.3 -- IN LIBRARY   Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals / Immanuel Kant ; translated by Mary GregorKant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B2766.E6G73 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~2148882&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," An introduction to Buddhist ethics : foundations, values, and issues (Re: VIRTUE, SUICIDE, PUNISHMENT) Harvey, Peter Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- BJ1289 .H37 2000 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1510656&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," The invention of autonomy Schneewind, J. B. BJ301.S35 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1582251&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," The Lankavatara Sutra; a Mahayana text Lankavatara-sutra. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- BQ1722.E5S8 -- IN LIBRARY  Lectures on ethics (unlike Groundwork, this incl. material on punishment, war, animals, virtue, etc.)Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B2794.E892 E5 1996 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1488806&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," The metaphysics of morals (1797) unlike Groundwork, this incl. material on punishment, war, animals, virtue Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B2785.E5G7413 1996 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~2375241&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," The morality of war (JUST WAR THEORY)Orend, Brian Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- U22 .O725 2006 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1665424&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Nicomachean ethics Aristotle (Rackham translation)Floor 5 -- B430.A5R3 1956 c.7 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~1287353&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Nicomachean ethics ***Aristotle (ROSS* translation)Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B430.A5R67 -- IN LIBRARY   Nicomachean ethics (C.U.P.)Aristotle (Crisp tr.)Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B430.A5 C7513 2000 -- IN LIBRARY   Perpetual peace, and other essays on politics, history, and morals Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- B2758 .H86 1983 -- IN LIBRARY   Perpetual peace : essays on Kant's cosmopolitan ideal Bohman & Lutz-Bachmann (eds.)Floor 2 Circ Desk Reserves RSV -- JZ5552.P47 -- IN LIBRARY   HYPERLINK "http://catalogue.library.carleton.ca/search~S5?/rPHIL+2101/rphil+2101/1,1,1,B/frameset~2336072&FF=rphil+2101&1,1," Practical ethics, 2nd ed. (Re. 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