杏吧原创 University is fast approaching its seventy-fifth anniversary: it鈥檚 a good time for all of us to recall the many ways in which this university鈥檚 contributions have shaped the communities around it. One of the key areas in which faculty members in the arts and social sciences have assumed a leading national role is in the development of the once nascent field of Canadian literary studies.

Canadian authors of fiction now enjoy a global recognition that has grown exponentially in the wake of Michael Ondaatje鈥檚 1992 Booker Prize for his novel The English Patient. Yet Can Lit did not always have the legitimacy of an academic field. As University of New Brunswick professor Desmond Pacey recounted in a 1973 article on the rise of Canadian literary study, the inaugural 1952 Toronto gathering of the Association for Canadian University Teachers of English hosted one of the first conference sessions devoted to Canadian literature. The conference鈥檚 organizer, A.S.P. Woodhouse, lamented the lack of audience members for the sessions on British literatures:

鈥淭wo centuries of English literature鈥攁nd only a handful of people. And on the other hand Canadian literature (said in a tone of supreme disdain)鈥攁nd just look at the mob!鈥�

Faculty at 杏吧原创 were key players in the emergence of this 鈥渕ob鈥� during the latter half of the twentieth century: 杏吧原创 was the first university in the country to establish an Institute of Canadian Studies (1957) and also the first in the nation to offer an M.A. in . The contributions of this program to the larger field of Canadian Studies are innumerable, and it helps to narrow the lens a little鈥攖o look, for instance, at the way that the early study of Canadian Literatures was nourished here at 杏吧原创.

To take but one example generated by our narrowing, the M.A. in Canadian Studies played an important role in shaping the first generation of academics to devote their careers to the study of Canadian Literatures. Moreover, many of the research and cultural initiatives nurtured within both Canadian Studies and by affiliated faculty in the during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s are recognized as indispensable to the emergence of Canadian literary studies.

In the Department of English, we recognize , first Chair of English and an important contributor to the country鈥檚 first national literary history, and , a well-known Canadian poet and professor in the Department of English, with, respectively, an annual lecture and an annual poetry award. Yet other figures and projects key to the emergence of Canadian literary studies are not so visible.

For example, the 杏吧原创 Library Series, initiated by Professor of English R.L. McDougall in the 1950s, is the most enduring reprint series of titles devoted to Canadian history; like its literary complement, the , the 杏吧原创 Library Series enabled the expansion of undergraduate and graduate teaching on Canadian topics in the newly expanding universities of postwar Canada. Initially published by McClelland & Stewart, and then after 1981 by the university鈥檚 own 杏吧原创 University Press, which was established by Professor Emeritus of English , the series is now published by McGill-Queen鈥檚 University Press and keeps important titles such as George Grant鈥檚 Lament for a Nation and Richard J. Preston鈥檚 CreeNarrative in print.

From 1979 to 2012, 杏吧原创 also hosted the (CEECT), an essential effort in the creation of undergraduate and graduate courses in early Canadian Literatures. Established by Distinguished Research Professor Mary Jane Edwards (who also served as general editor of the series) and Robert G. Laird, R.L. McDougall, S.F. Wise, and J. Jeremy Palin (and later joined by Michael Gnarowski, James Johnston, John A. Stewart, and D. Roland Thomas), the centre was unique from other literary projects in that it was the first in Canada dedicated to the preparation of scholarly editions of early English-Canadian prose.

Not only were there few early Canadian literary titles in print in the late 1970s, when the project was conceived, the field of scholarly editing had made very little impact on Canadian literary studies. Lack of availability and abridgement were common problems that made teaching in this area difficult, if not impossible. CEECT remedied this problem with scholarly editions of titles such as Thomas Chandler Haliburton鈥檚 bestselling nineteenth-century satire The Clockmaker, Susanna Moodie鈥檚 Roughing It In the Bush, and the novel often claimed as Canada鈥檚 鈥渇irst,鈥� Frances Brooke鈥檚 The History of Emily Montague (published originally in 1769).

Eleven of these editions were published by 杏吧原创 University Press; the twelfth, and last, William Kirby鈥檚 historical romance Le Chien d鈥檕r / The Golden Dog: A Legend of Quebec, was published by McGill-Queen鈥檚 University Press, through which all the CEECT editions are still available. Of the series, Professor Edwards notes that 鈥渙ne of the most interesting achievements of CEECT was the way in which we integrated into our research program over ninety graduate and undergraduate students in Canadian Studies, Computing Science, English, and History.鈥�

As L茅a V. Usin鈥檚 article 鈥溾�樷�� points out, 杏吧原创鈥檚 Department of English was also involved at the grassroots level in nurturing original Canadian theatre. Dissatisfied with the lack of original Canadian theatre on campus, a group of professors and graduate students at 杏吧原创 University鈥擝ill Law, Robin Mathews, Greg Reid and Lois Shannon鈥攄ecided in the mid-1970s to stage Mathews鈥檚 play A Woman Is Dying. This group, joined by Professor Emeritus of English Larry MacDonald, founded the in 1975, financing the first season with six thousand dollars of their own money. The Great Canadian Theatre Company was one of many independent, politically engaged, nationalist theatres established across Canada during the 1970s. Like so many of its contemporaries in what is sometimes called the 鈥渁lternative theatre movement,鈥� it was initially run on conviction and volunteer labour, rather than large budgets. Before a permanent home was established in a renovated industrial garage on Gladstone Avenue in 1982, the theatre company performed on campus, at the Old Firehall, and at various other locations in Ottawa.

Since 2007, the theatre has been housed in the Irving Greenberg Theatre Centre at , where it continues to support original Canadian theatre. Of course, much of this activity was fuelled by the nationalism of the 1970s, which prompted some scholars in 杏吧原创鈥檚 Department of English to let their training in British literatures simmer while they tended the newly bubbling pot of Canadian literary study. In some cases, this nationalism took inspiration from the New Left and the anti-American sentiments of the day. Robin Mathews, a Professor in the Department of English during the 1970s and early 1980s, used his monographs The Struggle for Canadian Universities (1969; co-edited with James Steele) and Canadian Literature: Surrender or Revolution (1978) to call, among other things, for the preferential hiring of Canadian candidates in the nation鈥檚 universities, an argument that has been adopted in theory, if not always in practice at universities across the country.

The study of Canadian Literatures retains a key place in the English undergraduate curriculum at 杏吧原创; indeed, 杏吧原创 is one of the few universities in the country to retain a requirement obliging undergraduate students to study the literatures of Canada. The field has changed in many ways since the 1970s鈥攃ritiques of its nationalist raison d鈥櫭猼re have transformed it, for example, to the extent that 杏吧原创鈥檚 CanLit syllabi now look quite different than they did forty years ago. Nevertheless, the study of local, regional, and national cultures in Canada continues to offer 杏吧原创 students a means of considering their own particular and situated engagement with the global forces that shape their everyday lives.

The post Canadian Literature at 杏吧原创 appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

A program unlike any other. 

Are you interested in delving into the minds of psychopaths or learning about lie detectors? Do you want to know how and what police are able to remember after a critical incident? Or, what are the most effective treatment programs to reduce offending? If so, you will be delighted to learn that the study of Forensic Psychology at 杏吧原创 University has gone online.

With a variety of new web-based courses in a program unlike any other, 杏吧原创 students are able to learn about the application of psychology pertaining to the justice system from the comfort of their own personal crime labs…or bedrooms.

Forensic Psychology at 杏吧原创 University has twenty years of impressive experience. Faculty have collaborated with the FBI, the RCMP, the National Parole Board, The Singapore Prison Service, and many civic police units.

Forensic Psychology courses are some of the most in demand classes at 杏吧原创, and one of the Department of Psychology鈥檚 largest areas of research. In fact, the Introduction to Forensic Psychology course (PSYC 2400), which is now available as an online course, typically boasts upwards of a thousand students, making it Psychology鈥檚 second most popular course after Introductory Psychology (PSYC 1001 which also happens to be available online).

鈥淜eeping up with the demand for our Introduction to Forensic Psychology course has been a struggle,鈥� said Professor Joanna Pozzulo, Chair of the Department of Psychology. 鈥淒ue to its popularity, we鈥檝e had issues finding enough instructors and classrooms to accommodate upwards of a thousand and more students.

鈥淏ut now, with an online version launched for the first time in Winter 2016, we are able to provide a way for an unlimited number of students with an interest in the criminal justice system, from a psychological perspective, to take the course. This is just one of several new online courses (e.g., Organizational Psychology, PSYC 2801 and Sports Psychology PSYC 3301) we have added to our foundation of Introduction to Psychology in order to give students options.鈥�

Generally, the study of Forensic Psychology features the empirical and theoretical analysis of criminal behaviour, correctional psychology (including institutional and community corrections), psychology and law (including, sentencing, eyewitness testimony, jury decision making, and legislation), victim services, police psychology, and the design, and the delivery and evaluation of prevention and treatment programs for youth and adult offenders.

In addition to Introduction to Forensic Psychology, both Criminal Behaviour (PSYC 3402), and Police Psychology (PSYC 4402) will become available online in 2017 and more online Forensic Psychology course options will be coming in 2018.

In recent years, the Department of Psychology has put a great deal of effort towards their online coursework.

鈥淲e want the experience of taking an online course to be comparable to taking it 鈥榣ive,鈥欌�� explained Pozzulo. 鈥淭he Department of Psychology has established an 鈥極nline Committee鈥� to ensure that we are using best practices for online learning and that the learning objectives and outcomes are the same between our online and live versions.鈥�

Through these Forensic Psychology courses, students will achieve an understanding of the application of psychology to the justice/legal system and an expertise to design and evaluate research in the field. They will also acquire the communication and consultation skills necessary to express and apply findings to diverse groups in a variety of settings.

Students will be taught by some of the most revered Forensic Psychology faculty with international reputations who conduct their research under the umbrella of the Forensic Psychology Research Centre (FPRC) at 杏吧原创 University. Faculty at 杏吧原创 working in this area include:

Dr. Joanna Pozzulo, Chair of the Department of Psychology, strives to understand how memory works in the applied context of witnessing crime as a function of age. On an applied level, Dr. Pozzulo is interested in developing appropriate police procedures to be used with child witnesses. As a secondary line of research, she ventures into understanding how identification testimony in combination with other types of evidence influences jury decision-making. Dr. Pozzulo teaches a first-year seminar examining psychology and the criminal justice system (FYSM1307).

Dr. Craig Bennell, who works closely with the Ottawa Police and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police explores how psychology can contribute to various police activities.

Dr. Bennell teaches Police Psychology (PSYC 4402) and Introduction to Forensic Psychology (PSYC 2400).

Dr. Shelley Brown, has a current program of research dedicated to understanding female offending using integrated approaches. Dr. Brown teaches Criminal Behavior (PSYC4402) and a Female Offenders course (PSYC 4404).

Dr. Adelle Forth, assesses and researches the psychopathic personality and prediction of general and violent recidivism. Dr. Forth teaches Introduction to Forensic Psychology (PSYC 2400).

Dr. Kevin Nunes, works on the conceptualization and measurement of cognitions (e.g., attitudes, stereotypes, beliefs, expectancies, etc.) thought to be relevant to sexual and nonsexual violent behavior, and the role these cognitions may play in violent behaviour, such as rape, child molestation, and nonsexual violence. His main goal is to contribute to scientific knowledge about the causes of violence, which is the foundation of effective and efficient assessment and intervention aimed at managing and reducing violence. Dr. Nunes teaches an Honours Seminar in Forensic Psychology (PSYC3400) and a Sex Offenders course (PSYC 4404).

Dr. Ralph Serin, looks at the interface between psychology and criminal justice. His research interests focus on decision-making and correctional programming. The former considers correctional and parole decision-making, with an emphasis on models to improve standardization and research regarding accuracy. The latter work encompasses assessment of treatment readiness and treatment needs; measurement of programming gains; and pathways to desistance; all with a view to understanding differential outcomes. Dr. Serin teaches Criminal Behaviour (PSYC 3402).

Dr. Julie Blais, who is the Department of Psychology鈥檚 newest faculty member, is interested in research on the development and appropriate use of risk assessment scales and integrating research and practice more effectively. As a second line of research, she also is interested in the specific use of psychopathy within the Criminal Justice System and the underlying assumptions that explain the increased use of psychopathy. Dr. Blais teaches a first year seminar on psychology and criminal justice (FYSM 1307).

As Forensic Psychology continues to grow as an in demand discipline, the Department of Psychology aspires to answer these calls by offering a diversity of educational options.

鈥淟ooking down the road, we have an eye toward being able to offer a suite of online courses in the domain of forensic psychology that may lead to a stand alone certificate that would be available to students anywhere,鈥� said Pozzulo.

Learn more about Forensic Psychology at 杏吧原创 University

Watch a video on Forensic Psychology at 杏吧原创 University.

The Department of Psychology offers two other new online courses:  and .

The post Forensic Psychology: Coming to a Computer Near You appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

by Nick Ward

The title track of Avalanche, fifth studio release, was nominated for Video of Year for the 2016 Juno Awards and has won the 2016 Prism Prize Award for Best Canadian Music Video.

Six months after its release, the video鈥攚hich reimagines 35 classic album covers, from Jay-Z to Springsteen to Wilco鈥攈as over 130,000 views on YouTube and has helped solidify the indie rocker as a rising star on the Canadian national music scene. A skillfully written, upbeat track with a hint of melancholy, Avalanche is representative of 惭补迟迟蝉辞苍鈥檚 dexterous and impressive discography.

鈥淚 try not to think about genres or how to classify my music at all, I don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 helpful when making songs,鈥� explained Mattson. 鈥淚 do think my songs are in line with some sort of folk tradition, or Canadian songwriting tradition, but at the same time not stuck in the past, and I really try to incorporate more modern and pop production techniques in my records.鈥�

The Prism Award and the Juno nomination are not 惭补迟迟蝉辞苍鈥檚 only prominent recognitions. He was also nominated for a Polaris Music Prize in 2014 for his most recent full-length album, , which he described as 鈥渁n extremely personal record in which I felt I took a lot of risks in the subject matter, but also financially in recording and self-releasing it.鈥�

Although he鈥檚 just 25 years old, Mattson carries himself with distinguished composure and pragmatism. When asked about these accolades, he responded with the confident sensibility of a cagey industry veteran. 鈥淚t feels like a nice sort of benchmark accomplishment. Awards mean something to everyone, you don鈥檛 really have to justify it, everyone knows what it is and what it means. You never go into making music with the goal of winning them, but when it does happen it鈥檚 a really nice surprise to be recognized for your work.鈥�

Originally from Sault Ste. Marie, Mattson came to 杏吧原创鈥檚 Music program in 2010 to refine his craft. 鈥� had a big effect on me. I had quite a few classes with him in my four years and he really expanded my view of music and composition. Really, I think that one of the main things university is supposed to do is just expand your thinking and expose you to new things.鈥�

Mattson isn鈥檛 certain whether or not acquiring a university degree is going to make or break a songwriter鈥檚 career, but he does believe it helps provide musicians with 鈥渢he tools to be able to do your job better鈥攖heory, ear training, that sort of thing.鈥�

鈥淭he biggest thing I got out of my time at 杏吧原创 was a work ethic and the knowledge of how to practise well and how to make the best use of your time practising. I use that every day.鈥�

Mattson is currently writing and recording his upcoming full-length album and is preparing to play with Canadian icon Jason Collett. Mattson has a variety of tour dates and festivals for 2016, checkout for details.

For those aspiring artists reading this article, Mattson suggests, 鈥淵ou never know if you never try, and if you never try, you never know.鈥�

Wise advice from a young success story.

杏吧原创鈥檚 Bachelor of Music (BMus) program now has a Singer-songwriter stream which features related courses, research, performance and artists in residence working with songwriters. 杏吧原创鈥檚 BMus is the only program in Canada (and one of only a few in the world) to have a Singer-songwriter stream. For more information, please visit: 

The post An Avalanche of Success for Talented Music Grad appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

by Jon Brownlee, Combined Honours in Humanities and English 2016.

Professor Micheline White of 杏吧原创’s and the was working on a research project when she made an important discovery about Katherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII. Professor White was researching Elizabeth Tyrwhit, one of Katherine Parr’s ladies-in-waiting, when she allowed herself to be diverted from her original path of research and began to investigate Katherine Parr’s first book, a book of prayers translated from Latin entitled Psalms or Prayers (1544).

“Most people who have worked on this book talk about it as a literary and apolitical collection of prayers compiled from rearranged bits of the Psalms,” she explained. “But as I read it, I realised that it was a book of military propaganda designed to aid Henry in his wars against the Scottish and the French.” Most of the prayers in Parr’s book are culled from Psalms that are about war and they ask for God’s help to vanquish England’s enemies.

Parr’s book ends with a prayer for Henry and this immediately caught White’s eye. “Depictions of Henry were carefully managed by his male advisors so I was surprised that Henry asked Parr to translate this prayer for him before he went to war,” she explained. Upon further research on prayers for monarchs, White discovered that this prayer was the first long prayer for the monarch ever published in England with royal sponsorship. She also noted that Parr made fascinating modifications as she translated the prayer, enhancing Henry’s masculinity and military prowess. Parr’s prayer for Henry was reprinted the next year at the back of her second book.

Given these interesting discoveries, White decided to pursue Parr’s Psalm book further, and went to see some of its privately owned first editions. These are gift copies that Henry and Parr had specially made and they were painstakingly hand-painted. “Just seeing these gorgeous books made me realize how important this project had been to Henry and Parr, and that’s when I became convinced that this prayer must have had an afterlife.”

[wide-image image=”20385″]

The hunt for the book’s afterlife quickly yielded impressive results. White checked through some editions of the Book of Common Prayer (BCP), the official Anglican Prayer Book first printed in 1549, for hints of Parr’s influence. To her astonishment, she discovered that Parr’s prayer appears in the Litany in the 1559 edition of the BCP, in a version that is shortened, but otherwise identical. The prayer continued to appear in all subsequent editions of the BCP and in the translations of the BCP into more than two hundred different languages.

The claim that a woman’s writing could feature in the BCP is a radical idea that has never been seriously entertained. Traditional scholarship has attributed the BCP’s contents to Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1549, and to other high-ranking clergymen. White’s excavation of the prayer’s important afterlife led her to do research into the prayer’s origins. She finally discovered the source in a book at the British Library: a Latin prayer from 1541 for the Holy Roman Emperor and Henry’s military ally by the German priest George Witzel. Witzel had come into contact with English diplomats at the Diet of Speyer of 1544, so it is easy to imagine how his book came to Henry and Katherine’s attention. “Apparently Katherine and Henry saw the prayer for the Emperor and decided that it would be a good idea to adapt it as Prayer for Henry.” Parr’s second book contains some unattributed prayers and White realised that one of them was also adapted from Witzel. So it is possible that Parr was involved in adapting Witzel’s prayer for Henry before she translated it into English.

That Parr was so closely involved in the circulation of this important state prayer surprised White, but the way that the prayer found its way into the BCP turned out to be equally unexpected. The prayer first appeared in the BCP in June 1559, roughly six months after Queen Elizabeth I came to power. This was a time of religious upheaval in England, as the preceding Queen Mary had reinstated Catholicism, and rulers across Europe were waiting to see whether Elizabeth would reintroduce a new Protestant BCP or not.

Unfortunately there is no documentation about who was responsible for making additions to the 1559 BCP. However, it has long been known that the Litany was the one part of the BCP that was not illegal under Mary and was used as soon as Elizabeth came to power in November 1558. This turned out to yield a crucial clue for White, who was able to uncover a rare copy of the Litany from Elizabeth’s Chapel Royal during this interim period and found that Parr’s prayer was included. This detail strongly suggests that Elizabeth was responsible for introducing Parr’s prayer into the BCP. “Elizabeth is assumed to be responsible for any new or unusual things that took place in her Chapel because the Dean of the Chapel reported directly to her.” Elizabeth had had a strong emotional attachment to Parr as a teenager, and had once translated Parr’s prayers as a gift for Henry. It thus made sense for Elizabeth to turn to Parr’s prayer as a way of asking her subjects to pray for her as she assumed the throne.

Given that the BCP has been in heavy circulation and is still widely used in the Anglican Church after nearly 500 years, White was amazed that the details surrounding Parr’s and Elizabeth’s contributions to it had not been discovered earlier. During the course of her research, White found that earlier historians had, in fact, noticed a connection between the 1559 “Prayer for the Queen” and the earlier “Prayer for the King.” However, these historians were unaware that Parr was the translator of the 1544 Psalm Book and that the prayer originated in Germany. They assumed that the prayer for Henry was produced by some unknown person and was simply appended to the back of Parr’s second book in 1545. “These historians do not entertain the possibility that Parr was involved in the production of this prayer. As time goes on, Parr’s name gets erased, so that in the recent Oxford edition of the BCP, the editor just says that the prayer first appeared in ‘books of private prayers in 1545 and 1547.’ Parr is not mentioned by name.”

White attributes this gradual erasure of Parr’s contribution to the BCP partly to the deep-seated assumptions that a patriarchal account of history can engender, even among fastidious historians. White’s tracing of the history of the prayer from Germany to the BCP has sparked an interest beyond the academic sphere, and she has had opportunities to present her findings to the public. After publishing her research in the prestigious Times Literary Supplement in April 2015, White gave a series of interviews about her research to the CBC, Radio-Canada, and the Anglican Communion News Service. She says that the public’s reception of her research gave her the kind of fulfilment that academia rarely offers.

“I’ve received emails from Anglicans all over the world who have heard this prayer in their churches, but never knew about its history. Several Anglican priests have used this research in their sermons and so Parr’s and Elizabeth’s contributions to the Anglican church are becoming more well-known. When the Anglican Communion News Service ran a story on it, a thousand people were talking about it on Facebook. As a scholar, I’m used to talking to other scholars, but it was so rewarding for me to see that people outside the academy care about this.”

Much of the public interest in White’s research has been focused on the questions of gender bias in academia. Had White skimmed through Parr’s writings assuming that they were no more than “private prayer-books,” Parr’s prayer could have spent more decades in obscurity. White is confident that researchers will continue to uncover the ways that women have shaped history both during the Reformation and beyond.

Read more about Professor Micheline White’s research:

• Prof. Micheline White 鈥� CBC Tapestry 鈥� How two Queens revolutionized the Book of Common Prayer
• 16th Century Political Prayer Penned by a Queen

The post The Surprising History of Katherine Parr鈥檚 Prayer for Henry VIII appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

Chronicling Carolyn Goodman鈥檚 academic and professional story is no easy task鈥�

Goodman graduated from 杏吧原创 in 1977 with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Anthropology and has since gone on to become monstrously successful in the fields of marketing and advertising. Based out of San Francisco, Goodman holds an inherently cool and prolific job, has an even cooler family, is a tremendously active athlete, a pop culture aficionado, an enthusiastic world traveller, and an outdoor adventure junkie. She鈥檚 also a compassionate 杏吧原创 University mentor, who helped land her most recent mentee a dream job as a sport marketer in his dream city of Amsterdam (wow).

As stated at the outset of this introduction, beyond simply referring to her as an 鈥渋nspiration,鈥� profiling the very composite and fascinating life of Carolyn Goodman is not an uncomplicated task; so we asked her for some help鈥�

The creative entrepreneur was kind enough to take time out of her unfathomably busy schedule to chat with FASS about school, work and life. Enjoy.

Could you give us a synopsis of your fascinating career path and some lesson you may have learned along the way? 

After graduating from 杏吧原创 in 1977 with a BA in Sociology/Anthropology and then completing the Creative Advertising (my calling!) program at Algonquin College, I moved out west, and landed a job as a writer/producer at CFCN-Television in Lethbridge, and was lucky enough to follow that with a job at the Calgary offices of Cockfield Brown 鈥� one of the largest ad agencies in Canada. I worked my way up from media planner to Account Executive, and was lucky to keep writing and producing commercials as well. After moving to California in 1983, I talked my way into a job at Chiat/Day 鈥� the 鈥渉ot鈥� agency who handled the Apple business (although everyone else at the agency worked on Apple, I worked on start-up retailer BusinessLand, one of the first PC retail chains!).

As is typical in this business, I worked at several different large agencies over the course of the next 20 years including Ogilvy & Mather Direct, DDB Needham and client-side at Bank of America and 1^st Nationwide Bank. In the early 1990鈥檚 I was tapped to move to Toronto to open a Canadian beachhead for direct response agency Cohn & Wells, and discovered that I was also very good at new business development, landing Bell Canada, Stentor and BC Tel at the beginnings of telecommunication deregulation.

I took all of those skills and experiences and finally struck out on my own in 2002.

I opened my own agency (which was based out of my home), Goodman Marketing Partners 鈥� a full-service marketing company. After my husband discovered a large meeting of 30+ people in the living room one day, he gently suggested I rent some office space 鈥� and the rest is history.

I continue today as the President and Creative Director of Goodman Marketing Partners.

Throughout the course of my career I鈥檝e discovered that I have an equal balance of left brain and right brain skills 鈥� I love the creative challenges involved with conceiving an idea and bringing it to life, but I also love analyzing data, and figuring out what it鈥檚 really telling me about a business opportunity. I鈥檝e also learned an immense amount about self-discipline 鈥� and to never, ever, ever give up. Just because somebody tells me 鈥渘o,鈥� I don鈥檛 take it personally. Instead, it just fires me up to work smarter and harder.

What is your role as mentor for 杏吧原创 U?

When I first signed on to be a mentor, I knew it would be challenging. I鈥檇 already had one son graduate from college and was lucky that he had mapped out a path for himself in surfing and photography, so I had no experience 鈥済uiding鈥� him. When I was introduced to my first mentee via Skype, we spent the first few meetings just getting to know each other and trying to figure out what career path he wanted to pursue. But once we discovered his passion, we were off and running.

I treat the role as an opportunity to help guide a student into a job that will launch their career. I鈥檓 happy to answer questions about the marketing/advertising industry, my day-to-day job, or provide an overview of the advertising and marketing landscape. But more importantly, I give extremely tactical advice about how to put together a solid resume and LinkedIn profile, and how to self-brand. Together we look at and evaluate job opportunities, and I help my mentee research and make contact with other people who can help him land that 鈥減erfect鈥� job. By analyzing the profiles of his key targets, I help him understand the right industry lingo to use, how to make contact and follow up, and how to prepare for a job interview. I help prepare a lifestyle budget in order to determine salary requirements and I get as excited as my mentee does when everything starts to fall into place!

Why did you choose Sociology as your major? 

When I enrolled at 杏吧原创 I was only 16 (!), and I had no idea what I wanted to do. After taking Introduction to Sociology, I became fascinated with the entire discipline and how the world was purposefully organized into networks and institutions. I loved that it included research and critical thinking 鈥� and actually got excited the first time I turned in my punch cards to try and create a cross-tab report! I apply many of the insights about human behavior into my marketing work as my job is to motivate target audiences to take an action.

How has your arts degree been an asset in helping you achieve your great professional and entrepreneurial success?  

In 2016, many students are pushed into determining a career path beginning in high school in order that they might find the right university that will prepare them for their future. I think that鈥檚 a lot of pressure to put on a student who is still trying to figure out who they are and life in general.

Instead, I encouraged my kids to find a subject that interested them by taking a wide variety of classes in their freshman year 鈥� and if 杏吧原创 hadn鈥檛 insisted that, as an undeclared major, I take a variety of classes, I never would have discovered Sociology.

A degree in the arts prepared me to have a curious and open mind; to research and explore alternate ideas and respect points of view that may be contrary to my own. Today, my job involves working with a wide variety of people who all bring different perspectives to the table, so it鈥檚 apt that I am prepared to understand group dynamics and consensus-building principles. Plus, I know how to look at research critically, ask questions and form conclusions or theories that can help advance a marketing strategy.

What practical advice can you offer to 杏吧原创鈥檚 FASS students and recent grads? 

Rarely does anyone graduate from high school, fully prepared to make a contribution to the business world. Of course there are exceptions, but even living in entrepreneurial San Francisco, I meet plenty of young people who are full of great, big, ideas, but don鈥檛 know how to write a business plan or how to frame their idea to an investor or even how to research and determine if there is even a market for their idea. A secondary degree should help give you the time you need to explore new topics, ask questions and figure out what interests you. Then, seek out people in that industry and find out what they do and how they got there.

You can find lots of working professionals at industry events, so sign up and get ready to be social! Introduce yourself, engage in conversation and ask for informational interviews 鈥� and then show up prepared to ask questions (and write down the answers) about what they do, what it鈥檚 like to work in that industry and what it might take for you to get a job in that category. There are so many professionals who would be happy to help recent grads, but never get asked for help!

Make sure your personal brand is ready 鈥� set your social network sites to private; critically evaluate your tweets (and if they鈥檙e not appropriate for the business world, delete your account and start again); set up your LinkedIn profile with a professional photo and engaging summary. Link in to friends, professors and other 杏吧原创 alum and then network, network, network!

A career in advertising and marketing is so coveted! In your experience and opinion, what makes the profession so sought-after?

What keeps advertising and marketing interesting for me is that the work has so much variety to it, so every day is different. Last week, for example, consisted of writing, casting and recording three radio spots; an all-day photo shoot in a grocery store; writing and designing ten different digital ads; going on a press check to check the color on a printed piece; sitting behind a one-way glass watching consumer focus groups; analyzing email open rates, click through and sales conversion results; writing a marketing proposal for a new client and working with a video editor on three product-focused videos for a tech client. And yes, over the years I鈥檝e worked with lots of 鈥渇amous鈥� people, travelled to practically every state and Canadian province, spent two weeks in Hawaii on a shoot (really, really tough work!), enjoyed meals at some of the top restaurants, stayed in luxurious hotels and been treated like royalty.

I鈥檝e been at judge at the Direct Marketing Association ECHO Awards for many years, and have seen some creative work that I鈥檝e truly coveted 鈥� but I鈥檝e also got work in my own portfolio that I鈥檓 very proud of鈥� like the miniature Zen garden that we turned into a construction site and sent to executives at the top ten homebuilders in the U.S.; or when we sent one half of a two-way radio to CFO鈥檚 and told them they鈥檇 get the other half when they met with a sales rep to talk about 401(k) plans. Both those campaigns yielded superior results for the client. Advertising is such a visual medium that it鈥檚 hard to describe something that鈥檚 highly creative without showing it.

Do you view your profession as a type of artistry?

Direct response marketing is a combination of art and science. While the science is in the ability to profile a target audience and then use a variety of media tools to find likely prospects, the artistry is in the strategy of message and how to create a compelling unique selling point that stimulates a response. I鈥檝e seen plenty of 鈥済reat鈥� ideas fall flat because they were not executed properly.

Who are some of your personal heroes and how do they inspire you?

Many of my heroes are in my family 鈥� my husband who also runs his own ad specialties business; my oldest son who creates surfing videos and has his own photography business; my twins (one is studying acting and ad libs on stage better than anyone I鈥檝e ever seen; the other wants to study Game Design at 杏吧原创 and has already had paid game design gigs with Dell and other companies). All are tremendously creative, innovative and hardworking, but a blast to spend time with.

The prof. who inspired me the most was actually the Senior Res Fellow in Renfrew House, Dr. Ken Hatt. Ken was a professor of Sociology at St. Patrick鈥檚 College and I remember spending many an evening in his student-crowded living room debating life issues. He was a wonderful man who was very encouraging of every student in the dorm, no matter what subject matter they were studying.

Are you a binge reader or TV/movie watcher?  If so, can you offer our FASSinate readers some recommendations?  What else do you do for fun in your (likely limited) downtime?

I formed a book club many years ago because I was afraid I wasn鈥檛 finding enough time to read, and I knew that if I was held to a monthly dinner meeting and discussion, I would live up to my commitment! We鈥檝e explored many wonderful books that I may not have picked up on my own and for that, I am deeply grateful.

I am a binge TV watcher鈥� but I tape everything and watch it when I have time. I enjoy a lot of British series that have with quirky characters like 鈥淒oc Martin,鈥� 鈥淩iver,鈥� 鈥淏roadchurch鈥� and 鈥淭he Fall.鈥�

Having a structured day is the best way for me to get everything done, so I get up at 5:30 am and swim for 45 minutes (living in California has its advantages!); I mountain bike on Saturdays and hike every Sunday morning before church; Take boxing classes week nights; Play on a co-ed softball team in the summer and try to take a major trip each year. One year it was hiking in Nepal to the sacred city of Lo-Manthang (founded in 1380), three years ago I hiked the West Coast Trail of Vancouver Island with my siblings and a 50 lb. pack on my back; most recently it was a trip to Machu Picchu in Peru with my husband. Next up? Who knows!

What topic do you love talking about?

Given the political climate in the U.S., it鈥檚 hard NOT to talk about politics and the embarrassment of it all. But more often than not, the conversations with my friends are about travel, our kids and the next chapter of our lives 鈥� because retirement is right around the corner!

Any parting words of wisdom?

My advice to students and grads is simple: Embrace life. Find something that excites you and work hard at it to be the best you can be, and I promise that you鈥檒l be rewarded with a rich and fulfilling life. Oh, and have a little fun along with way.

The post The BA at Work: Sociology and Anthropology Alumna/Marketing Mogul appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

Concerns over global climate change have been mounting for roughly three decades and 2015 was framed as a watershed year in our understanding of the severity of the issue and, perhaps more importantly, in our search for strategies to reduce the impacts of human activities on earth system processes.

Two important milestones from 2015 in the global climate change journey include Pope Francis鈥� Encyclical on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement that emerged from the 21st United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of the Parties. Both documents emphasized the growing global consensus that we are living in the anthropocene, a period where human activities are exerting substantial pressures on earth system processes. These documents helped reframe how we perceive climate change issues.

In his Encyclical, Pope Francis exhorted, 鈥淲e are not faced with two separate crises, one environmental and the other social, but rather one complex crisis which is both social and environmental. Strategies for a solution demand an integrated approach to combatting poverty, restoring dignity to the underprivileged, and at the same time protecting nature.鈥�

The Paris Agreement draws similar conclusions and recognizes 鈥渢hat climate change is a common concern of humankind. Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, 鈥�.鈥� It is now well recognized that durable climate solutions intended to safeguard the planet and human well-being will need to embrace environmental, social, economic and ethical issues. Researchers in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences are actively engaged in exploring the 鈥淎rt and Science of Global Climate Change.鈥�
I had the opportunity to discuss global climate change with two FASS colleagues.

鈥� Prof. Mike Brklacich

How is the climate change challenge framed within your research field?

Humphreys: In my research field, there is a focus on the need to understand natural system feedbacks to climate change. The planet鈥檚 ecosystems naturally absorb and emit greenhouse gases including carbon
dioxide and methane, but it is uncertain how a warming climate will impact these exchanges. My colleagues and I are working to better understand if tundra and peatland ecosystems will contribute to climate change by emitting more greenhouse gases in a warmer climate or will help alleviate it, by taking up more carbon dioxide, for instance. To study this, we measure the continuous exchange of these gases between the surface and the atmosphere. Our longest running site has operated since 1998 at the nearby Mer Bleue bog in the National Capital Greenbelt. We also have sites in the Hudson Bay Lowlands and on the tundra in NWT and Nunavut. My students and I get to know the workings of these specific sites really well. But equally important are the insights we gain through collaboration in national and international research networks where our field measurements can be used in synthesis studies and in testing and validating models. In this way, we can contribute to the larger efforts to better understand global carbon budgets and refine the models that can be used to predict future climate change and its impacts.

Salmond: I work in this area under the rubric of 鈥淩eligion and Ecology鈥� which has become a well-established (indeed burgeoning) subfield within Religious Studies. According to the American Academy of Religion, 鈥渢he subfield critically and constructively explores how Human-Earth relations are shaped by religions, cultures, and understandings of nature and the environment.鈥� So this field recognizes that climate change responses in societies are based on more than rational deliberations on scientific data; they are shaped by world views and these in turn are often shaped, often unconsciously, by implicit theologies of nature. I remember hearing leading British climate scientist Mike Hulme speak here at 杏吧原创 in November of 2014. He made the point that it was na茂ve of the then head of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to believe that the world community would act simply on the presentation of more (and more dire) quantitative data. Instead, Hulme suggested, more compelling modalities are needed and one of these can be religion. This wasn鈥檛 in any way dismissive of the vital importance of rational deliberation on hard scientific data鈥攊t was, however, an acknowledgment that that alone is unlikely to create the necessary political will.

Research in this subfield of religion and ecology examines how the major world religions are responding to environmental degradation and in particular climate change. There has been a plethora of official statements on the problem from all the religions鈥攖he Pope鈥檚 Encyclical of last June being only one of the more recent and well-publicized. (One can easily look at responses to climate change from world religions gathered on the website of FORE, the Forum on Religion and Ecology hosted at Yale University; another valuable site is that of ARC, the Alliance of Religions and Conservation based in the UK.) This greening of religions is manifested for instance in the recent decisions by the Church of England and the United Church of Canada to divest from fossil fuels. One major aspect of the ecological turn in religions is the notion of 鈥淓co-Justice鈥� where it is seen as an ethical imperative to preserve the well-being of humans (in particular the most impoverished) through a commitment to preserving the ecosystems on which human populations depend. This was a major theme of Pope Francis鈥� Encyclical. The Pope argued for concerted action on climate change especially in the interest of the protection of the most vulnerable鈥攁 call consistent with the commitment (post Vatican II) to what Catholic social teaching refers to as the 鈥減referential option for the poor.鈥� The Paris Agreement echoes this in emphasizing the human rights dimension in combatting climate change.

American scholar Bron Taylor calls this new focus on ecology and environment by religious organizations 鈥淕reen Religion.鈥� But Taylor also argues there is a growing global development of what he terms 鈥淒ark Green Religion.鈥� Taylor refers here to a variety of orientations or spiritualities, sometimes loosely inspired by Indigenous traditions, that speak of an intrinsic sacrality in nature and that argue that profound environmental restoration will only come about through re-investing our relationship to nature with a sense of the sacred. This manifests in what might be called neo-paganism, but also appears in Canada鈥檚 own David Suzuki, an avowed atheist, calling for a recovery of a sense of the sacred in nature. Arguably some of this even manifests in the Pope鈥檚 letter where he invokes Saint Francis鈥� predilection for relating to natural phenomena in terms of kin: brother sun and sister moon.

In my own work in the classroom I teach about 鈥済reen鈥� and 鈥渄ark green鈥� religion, but I also have a particular research interest in the critique of both launched by what I might call the anti environmental movement. Here environmentalism is derided as a form of secular or implicit religion as a strategy to delegitimize it. Climate change is held to be an alarmism supported by 鈥渏unk science鈥� and motivated by a reversion to religious apocalypticism. The 鈥渆nvironmentalism is a religion鈥� trope is a discursive strategy directed at non-religious people by calling environmentalism bad because it鈥檚 a religion and aimed simultaneously at the religious right by saying it鈥檚 bad (i.e. pagan) religion. Organizations proffering this view (sometimes funded by industry) have made significant impact on American politics.

Linking research to action is always a challenge. What has been your experience in making your research more accessible to an informed, but non-specialized, audience?

Humphreys: The main outlets for my research are scientific conferences and journals, but there are opportunities to speak to the public at community seminar events and to include research experiences in my lectures, labs, and assignments. In addition to talking about key research findings, I like to talk about how we go about doing the research itself and offer personal observations. For example, when I started working here at 杏吧原创, we purchased calibration cylinders of CO₂ with a known concentration of ~378 ppm, near ambient concentration for the earth鈥檚 atmosphere at the time, so we could test our sensors before setting them up at our field sites. Today, almost 11 years later, the ambient concentration is over 400 ppm and I鈥檓 still honestly shocked at how quickly it has changed and how often we need to upgrade our calibration cylinders.

Salmond: I have presented at academic conferences and have also given talks on the topic to community organizations including church and seniors groups. I am often surprised how unaware people can be of the extensive involvement of faith communities (even their own faith community) in the climate arena. Taking the case of Christianity as an example, this can be partially explained by the gap between the official positions taken by a denomination and the average practitioner in the pew.

For instance, the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops in October of 2003 issued a major and very radical statement on the environment, but it鈥檚 doubtful that it filtered down in any significant way to the typical parish pulpit.

Preparing students to be responsible citizens is central to FASS鈥� mission. How might your inclusion of climate change within your undergraduate courses assist our students in their post-杏吧原创 careers?

Humphreys: In my undergraduate classes in Physical Geography, there are many opportunities to study climate change, the underlying scientific mechanisms and widespread impacts on the natural world. It鈥檚 very multidisciplinary even within the sciences. When trying to follow the carbon through the global carbon cycle for example, you can touch on many Earth system processes. I hope that students leave with a better understanding of how the physical world works and the tools to research and investigate what they don鈥檛 yet understand. Ultimately, I hope these skills will allow them to broadly consider the environment when making decisions in the workplace and in their daily lives.

Salmond: I think it鈥檚 crucial for students to be aware of the discourse on climate change and the environment within the major religious traditions. The Pew Research Centre estimated (2012) that eight in ten people globally identify with a religious group. Religions as extremely long-lived institutions wield a formidable array of highly evocative world narratives and rituals which influence behaviour鈥攆or good and for ill. Not only are they major global landholders and investors, but they also play a huge role globally in education. They are, among other things, what I call 鈥渃ommunities of persuasion.鈥�

For example, when the Pope as leader of 1.25 billion Catholics pronounces on climate this is not insignificant. This fact is recognized by environmental NGOs. It鈥檚 hard to imagine our students being responsible citizens in a globalized world without a knowledge of the religious traditions which represent the oldest cultural traditions on the planet.

What do you see as the main achievements of the Climate Change Agreement reached in Paris in December of 2015? Do we need to improve?

Salmond: Well, at least we got an agreement. I applaud the wording recognizing the rights of Indigenous peoples鈥攁 matter highly significant in this country; as I discuss. Of interest here is some of the wording in the preamble which affirms that ecosystems and oceans and biodiversity are 鈥渞ecognized by some cultures as Mother Earth鈥� and noting 鈥渢he importance for some of the concept of 鈥榗limate justice鈥�, when taking action to address climate change.鈥�

Humphreys: Climate change politics is well outside my area of expertise, but I am impressed by the statements in the agreement that clearly emphasize the urgency of curbing emissions to limit warming to 1.5 掳C. It also acknowledges that current national plans won鈥檛 keep warming below a 2掳C scenario and emphasizes that more will need to be done and quickly.

If you had the opportunity to brief Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on climate change, what advice would you offer?

Humphreys: It鈥檚 a huge challenge. I would advocate for research funds that will help us directly address ways to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and for funds to support basic science. I think it is critical to improve our knowledge of where things are headed so that we can better prepare and adapt for the changes that are currently happening and will continue to happen to the ecosystems we depend on.

Salmond: Along with many others, I regard the new Prime Minister鈥檚 stance on climate change a more than welcome shift from that of the previous regime. I think one of the major challenges facing the Prime Minister is his campaign commitment to not only endorse but to implement fully UNDRIP, The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

He formally reiterated this promise on December 15 when the TRC report was released in Ottawa. Indigenous peoples in Canada are, in my experience, very religious and are religiously invested in the environmental protection of their territories. We saw this powerfully manifested in Idle No More. I predict we will see increased contestation over resource development and resource transportation (pipelines) and it remains to be seen if the Prime Minister will be able to live up to his promises when these promises may entail effectively giving a veto to a First Nation to a development project.

The UNDRIP wording is 鈥渇ree, prior, and informed consent鈥� and implicit in the word consent is the possibility of a refusal. I would advise the Prime Minister to stay the course with his admirable promises.

The post The Art and Science of Global Climate Change appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.

Patricia Smart pens an award-winning book on the personal writings of Quebec women.

Chancellor鈥檚 Professor Emerita in the Department of French wins Gabrielle Roy Prize, the Acad茅mie des lettres medal and the Jean 脡thier-Blais Prize.

Distinguished Research Professor and Chancellor鈥檚 Professor Emerita in the , Patricia Smart, has been awarded the Prix Gabrielle Roy and the Jean 脡thier-Blais Prize for her latest book, De Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation 脿 Nelly Arcan. Se dire, se faire par l鈥櫭ヽriture intime(脡ditions du Bor茅al). The book was also shortlisted for the Governor General鈥檚 Award and for Ontario鈥檚 Trillium Award.

Rounding off a very successful 2015, Professor Smart finished the year by receiving the prestigious Medal of Quebec鈥檚 Acad茅mie des lettres for her overall contribution to the study of Quebec literature and culture.

These accolades are a fitting endorsement of a career which has always been dedicated to putting English-Canadian and Quebec literature and language on the national agenda.

鈥溞影稍粹�檚 English and French departments in the 1970s, with professors like Robin Mathews, Parker Duchemin, Donald Smith, Sinclair Robinson and myself, were instrumental in bringing Canadian literature to the forefront, and it鈥檚 gratifying to see that present day 杏吧原创 professors like Sara Jamieson, Jody Mason, Jennifer Henderson and Catherine Khordoc are still playing major roles in developing new critical approaches to our national literatures,鈥� said Smart.

Released in 2014, Professor Smart鈥檚 De Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation 脿 Nelly Arcan. Se dire, se faire par l鈥櫭ヽriture intimebrings together a number of published and unpublished first person accounts of the lives of Quebec women from the time of New France to the present day.

Smart began her research with the intention of writing a study of Quebec women鈥檚 autobiographies, but was surprised to discover that in the three centuries between Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation鈥檚 spiritual autobiography (1654) and Claire Martin鈥檚 memoir of her childhood, Dans un gant de fer(1965), there had been no publicly accessible autobiographies by women.

This striking absence of centuries鈥� worth of personal commentary from half of the province鈥檚 population obviously leaves an important gap in the collective understanding of life in Quebec. To help bridge it, Smart began the monumental task of searching for correspondence and diaries by women.

鈥淚鈥檝e become more and more interested over the years in what literary texts can tell us about history,鈥� said Smart. 鈥淲hat I鈥檝e tried to do in this book is to study each of the texts in depth. I wanted the authors I was studying to come to life for the reader, and that meant that I had to take the time to really immerse myself in the work of each one of them. They feel like 鈥榤y鈥� women now, and I want their voices to be heard.鈥�

The women featured in Smart鈥檚 book come from all walks of Quebecois life and their personal stories raise important questions. Their voices provide a new perspective on some of the major events of Quebec political and social history. Through a new lens, De Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation 脿 Nelly Arcanrevisits the rebellions of 1837-1838, the cholera epidemic in Montreal and surrounding areas in the mid-nineteenth century, the slow beginnings of feminism and Church resistance to it in the early twentieth century, and the changes brought by the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s.

The two celebrated writers named in the book鈥檚 title, Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation and Nelly Arcan, are representative of the book鈥檚 great diversity.

Marie de l鈥橧ncarnation, the founder of the Ursuline order in Quebec, was a mystic, while Nelly Arcan became a best-selling author in France and Quebec in 2001 with the publication of her autobiographical text Putain (translating to 鈥渨hore鈥� or 鈥渉ooker鈥�) which tells of her experiences working as a call girl while studying at the Universit茅 du Qu茅bec 脿 Montr茅al. 鈥淪o, through the work of two brilliant and important writers, we go from one extreme to the other of the roles assigned to women, from the nun to the prostitute,鈥� explained Smart. 鈥淭ragically, Arcan took her own life in 2009, at the age of 36.鈥�

Other authors studied include Julie Papineau who is known thanks to her forty yearlong correspondence with her husband Louis-Joseph Papineau, the leader of the 1837-1838 rebellions; Henriette Dessaulles, who wrote a diary critical of life in Quebec as a teenager in the 1880s; Michelle Le Normand, an early twentieth century novelist whose diaries demonstrate the incredible struggle of a woman who aspired to be a writer, a wife, and a mother; and Claire Martin, whose denunciation of the family, the educational system and the Church in the years of her childhood was an important and controversial work in the Quiet Revolution period.

These are but a few examples of the many authors featured in the book, who deliver a multiplicity of perspectives on the ways women experienced the strictly prescribed roles of wife and mother dictated by French-Canadian Catholicism. Smart鈥檚 presentation of these texts provides a new look at both the public and private history of Quebec women, from the motivations and dreams of the nuns who chose to come to New France in the seventeenth century, on through to the postmodern age where, as the tragic writings of Nelly Arcan display, women are still severely restricted by their vulnerability to the expectations prescribed by society.

鈥淚 like to think that my book could be described as a history of women鈥檚 subjectivity in Quebec,鈥� said Smart. 鈥淭hrough their writings these women express their struggle for an autonomous voice鈥攐ften achieved through the process of writing itself鈥攁nd they document the obstacles to freedom of expression and action that women have faced across the centuries and still face.鈥�

The post From the Nun to the Call-girl: Patricia Smart鈥檚 Award-winning Book on Quebec Women鈥檚 Personal Writings appeared first on Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences.