She discusses Europe’s rapid shift away from Russian energy and the most significant policy changes and the “policy entrepreneurs” who used the crisis to accelerate climate reforms at both the EU and national levels. Next, Dr. Schreurs examines Russia’s deepening energy ties with China to bypass sanctions and what that means for Europe’s growing dependence on China for clean-energy technologies and the critical minerals behind them.

Dr. Schreurs also compares Canada and Germany, including the roles of federalism and EU climate legislation, and offers ways to overcome “fossil fuel legacies” without sparking major backlash or disruption. The interview closes by discussing how rising geopolitical tensions and uncertainty in the transatlantic partnership are shaping energy policy in Europe and Canada.

The Centre for European Studies Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence at �Ӱ�ԭ�� University organized this interview as part of the EU Policy Video Series. The Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence activities are is co-funded with a grant from the and by �Ӱ�ԭ�� University.

Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or �Ӱ�ԭ�� University. Neither the European Union nor �Ӱ�ԭ�� University can be held responsible for them.

The EU Policy Videos are produced by �Ӱ�ԭ��’s Centre for European Studies Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence and bring together experts to examine timely questions about the European Union and its policies. The Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence is co-funded by the .��

The Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence sponsors this EU Policy Video with the Centre for European Studies at �Ӱ�ԭ�� University. The Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence is co-funded by the European Union and by �Ӱ�ԭ�� University. Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or �Ӱ�ԭ�� University. Neither the European Union nor �Ӱ�ԭ�� University can be held responsible for them.��